Canine Health / Genetics
Dog Breed Disease Predispositions, Inherited Disorders and Congenital Conditions
A breed-based reference linked to a separate evidence-graded disease and genetic-variant glossary.
How to interpret the categories
Breed Predispositions are disorders for which a breed association is reported or recognized, but a single established causal variant is not required. Many are complex, polygenic, conformational, environmental, or incompletely characterized.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases includes molecularly characterized disorders and conditions with reported familial or inherited evidence. Inclusion here does not mean that every commercial genetic test is clinically validated for every breed.
Congenital Diseases and Malformations are present at birth or arise from abnormal development. Congenital does not necessarily mean inherited; causes may be genetic, environmental, nutritional, infectious, iatrogenic, or multifactorial.
Breed Directory
Select a breed or use the A–Z index. Disease names link directly to the glossary.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T V W X Y
- Affenpinscher
- Afghan Hound
- Aidi
- Airedale Terrier
- Akbash Dog
- Akita
- Alaskan Klee Kai
- Alaskan Malamute
- Alentejo Mastiff
- Alpine Drachsbracke
- American Bulldog
- American Bully
- American English Coonhound
- American Eskimo Dog
- American Feist
- American Foxhound
- American Hairless Terrier
- American Leopard Hound
- American Pit Bull Terrier
- American Staffordshire Terrier
- American Water Spaniel
- Anatolian Shepherd Dog
- Anglo-Francais de Petite Venerie
- Appenzeller Sennenhunde
- Ariegeois
- Australian Cattle Dog
- Australian Kelpie
- Australian Shepherd
- Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog
- Australian Terrier
- Austrian Black and Tan Hound
- Austrian Pinscher
- Azawakh
- Barak
- Barbet
- Basenji
- Basset Artesien Normand
- Basset Bleu De Gascogne
- Basset Fauve de Bretagne
- Basset Hound
- Bavarian Mountain Hound
- Beagle
- Beagle Harrier
- Bearded Collie
- Beauceron
- Bedlington Terrier
- Belgian Laekenois
- Belgian Malinois
- Belgian Sheepdog
- Belgian Shepherd Dog
- Belgian Tervuren
- Bergamasco Sheepdog
- Berger Picard
- Bernese Mountain Dog
- Bichon Frise
- Biewer Terrier
- Billy
- Black and Tan Coonhound
- Black Forest Hound
- Black Mouth Cur
- Black Russian Terrier
- Bloodhound
- Bluetick Coonhound
- Boerboel
- Bolognese
- Border Collie
- Border Terrier
- Borzoi
- Boston Terrier
- Bouvier de Flandres
- Bouvier Des Ardennes
- Bouvier des Flandres
- Boxer
- Boykin Spaniel
- Bracco Italiano
- Braque D'Auvergne
- Braque de l'Ariege
- Braque Du Bourbonnais
- Braque Français Gascogne
- Braque Français Pyrénées
- Braque Saint Germain
- Briard
- Briquet Griffon Vendeen
- Brittany
- Brussels Griffon
- Bull Terrier
- Bulldog
- Bullmastiff
- Cairn Terrier
- Canaan Dog
- Canadian Eskimo Dog
- Cane Corso
- Cao de Castro Laboreiro
- Cardigan Welsh Corgi
- Carolina Dog
- Catahoula Leopard Dog
- Catalan Sheepdog
- Caucasian Ovcharka
- Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
- Central Asian Shepherd
- Cesky Fousek
- Cesky Terrier
- Chart Polski
- Chesapeake Bay Retriever
- Chien d'Artois
- Chien Francais Blanc et Noir
- Chien Francais Tricolore
- Chihuahua
- Chinese Crested
- Chinese Shar-Pei
- Chinook
- Chow Chow
- Cimarron Uruguayo
- Cirneco dell’Etna
- Clumber Spaniel
- Cocker Spaniel
- Collie
- Coton de Tulear
- Croatian Sheepdog
- Curly-Coated Retriever
- Czechoslovakian Wolfdog
- Dachshund
- Dalmatian
- Dandie Dinmont Terrier
- Danish Broholmer
- Danish-Swedish Farmdog
- Deutsche Bracke
- Doberman Pinscher
- Dogo Argentino
- Dogue de Bordeaux
- Drentse Patrijshond
- Drever
- Dunker
- Dutch Shepherd
- Dutch Smoushond
- East Siberian Laika
- English Bulldog
- English Cocker Spaniel
- English Coonhound
- English Foxhound
- English Setter
- English Shepherd
- English Springer Spaniel
- English Toy Spaniel
- Entlebucher Mountain Dog
- Epagneul Bleu de Picardie
- Epagneul de Pont-Audemer
- Epagneul Picard
- Estrela Mountain Dog
- Eurasian
- Field Spaniel
- Finnish Hound
- Finnish Lapphund
- Finnish Spitz
- Flat-Coated Retriever
- Francais Blanc et Orange
- French Bulldog
- French Spaniel
- German Drahthaar
- German Long Haired Pointer
- German Pinscher
- German Rough Haired Pointer
- German Shepherd Dog
- German Shorthaired Pointer
- German Spaniel
- German Spitz
- German Wirehaired Pointer
- Giant Schnauzer
- Glen of Imaal Terrier
- Golden Retriever
- Gordon Setter
- Grand Basset Griffon Vendéen
- Grand Bleu De Gascogne
- Grand Gascon-Saintongeois
- Grand Griffon Vendeen
- Great Anglo-Francais Tricolor Hound
- Great Anglo-Francais White and Black Hound
- Great Anglo-Francais White and Orange Hound
- Great Dane
- Great Pyrenees
- Greater Swiss Mountain Dog
- Greenland Dog
- Greyhound
- Griffon Bleu de Gascogne
- Griffon Fauve de Bretagne
- Griffon Nivernais
- Haldenstover
- Hamiltonstovare
- Hanoverian Hound
- Harrier
- Havanese
- Hellenic Hound
- Hokkaido
- Hovawart
- Hygen Hound
- Ibizan Hound
- Icelandic Sheepdog
- Irish Red and White Setter
- Irish Setter
- Irish Terrier
- Irish Water Spaniel
- Irish Wolfhound
- Istrian Coarse-Haired Hound
- Istrian Short-Haired Hound
- Italian Greyhound
- Italian Hound
- Jack Russell Terrier
- Jagdterrier
- Japanese Akitainu
- Japanese Chin
- Japanese Spitz
- Japanese Terrier
- Kai Ken
- Kangal Dog
- Karelian Bear Dog
- Karst Shepherd Dog
- Keeshond
- Kerry Blue Terrier
- Kishu Ken
- Komondor
- Korean Jindo Dog
- Kromfohrlander
- Kuvasz
- Labrador Retriever
- Lagotto Romagnolo
- Lakeland Terrier
- Lancashire Heeler
- Lapponian Herder
- Large Munsterlander
- Leonberger
- Lhasa Apso
- Llewellin Setter
- Löwchen
- Magyar Agar
- Majorca Mastiff
- Majorca Shepherd Dog
- Maltese
- Manchester Terrier
- Maremma Sheepdog
- Mastiff
- Mi-Ki
- Miniature American Shepherd
- Miniature Bull Terrier
- Miniature Pinscher
- Miniature Schnauzer
- Montenegrin Mountain Hound
- Mountain Cur
- Mountain Feist
- Mudi
- Multi-Colored Poodle
- Multi-Colored Standard Poodle
- Neapolitan Mastiff
- Nederlandse Kooikerhondje
- Newfoundland
- Norfolk Terrier
- Norrbottenspetz
- Norwegian Buhund
- Norwegian Elkhound
- Norwegian Lundehund
- Norwich Terrier
- Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever
- Old Danish Pointing Dog
- Old English Sheepdog
- Olde English Bulldogge
- Otterhound
- Owczarek Podhalanski
- Papillon
- Parson Russell Terrier
- Patterdale Terrier
- Pekingese
- Pembroke Welsh Corgi
- Perdiguero de Burgos
- Perro De Presa Canario
- Peruvian Inca Orchid
- Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen
- Petit Bleu De Gascogne
- Petit Gascon-Saintongeois
- Pharaoh Hound
- Plott Hound
- Podenco Canario
- Pointer
- Poitevin
- Polish Hound
- Polish Lowland Sheepdog
- Pomeranian
- Poodle — Toy and Miniature varieties
- Poodle — Standard variety
- Porcelaine
- Portuguese Water Dog
- Portuguese Podengo
- Portuguese Podengo Pequeno
- Portuguese Pointer
- Portuguese Sheepdog
- Posavac Hound
- Pudelpointer
- Pug
- Puli
- Pumi
- Pyrenean Mastiff
- Pyrenean Shepherd
- Rat Terrier
- Redbone Coonhound
- Rhodesian Ridgeback
- Romanian Carpathian Shepherd Dog
- Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog
- Rottweiler
- Russell Terrier
- Russian-European Laika
- Russian Toy
- Russian Tsvetnaya Bolonka
- Saarloos Wolfdog
- Saint Bernard
- Saluki
- Samoyed
- Sarplaninac
- Schapendoes
- Schiller Hound
- Schipperke
- Scottish Deerhound
- Scottish Terrier
- Sealyham Terrier
- Serbian Hound
- Serbian Tricolor Hound
- Shar-Pei
- Shetland Sheepdog
- Shiba Inu
- Shih Tzu
- Shikoku
- Siberian Husky
- Silken Windhound
- Silky Terrier
- Skye Terrier
- Sloughi
- Slovac Cuvac
- Slovakian Wirehaired Pointer
- Smaland Hound
- Small Munsterlander
- Small Swiss Hound
- Smooth Fox Terrier
- Soft-Coated Wheaten Terrier
- South Russian Shepherd Dog
- Spanish Greyhound
- Spanish Hound
- Spanish Mastiff
- Spanish Water Dog
- Spinone Italiano
- Sporting Lucas Terrier
- Stabyhoun
- Staffordshire Bull Terrier
- Standard Schnauzer
- Stephens' Cur
- Styrian Coarse Haired Hound
- Sussex Spaniel
- Swedish Elkhound
- Swedish Lapphund
- Swedish Vallhund
- Swiss Hound
- Teddy Roosevelt Terrier
- Thai Ridgeback
- Tibetan Mastiff
- Tibetan Spaniel
- Tibetan Terrier
- Tornjak
- Tosa Ken
- Toy Fox Terrier
- Transylvanian Hound
- Treeing Cur
- Treeing Feist
- Treeing Tennessee Brindle
- Treeing Walker Coonhound
- Tyrolean Hound
- Vizsla
- Volpino Italiano
- Weimaraner
- Welsh Corgi
- Welsh Hound
- Welsh Springer Spaniel
- Welsh Terrier
- West Highland White Terrier
- West Siberian Laika
- Westphalian Dachsbracke
- Whippet
- White Shepherd
- Wire Fox Terrier
- Wirehaired Pointing Griffon
- Wirehaired Vizsla
- Xoloitzcuintli
- Yorkshire Terrier
A
Affenpinscher
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Cushing's disease
- Elongated Soft Palate
- Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
- Legg-Perthes disease
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) current breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Cleft Palate inherited/familial basis reported
- Patella luxation inherited/familial basis reported
- Cystinuria type 3 risk variants variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Anasarca, Cleft Palate, Oligodontia, Patent ductus arteriosus.
Afghan Hound
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Corneal dysplasia
- Corneal dystrophy
- Dilated Cardiomyopathy
- Elbow joint malformation
- Eversion of the third eyelid
- Glaucoma
- Hypothyroidism
- Oversize palpebral fissure
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Autoimmune thyroiditis / hypothyroidism parent-club screening priority
- Idiopathic chylothorax current breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Cataract, bilateral inherited/familial basis reported
- Necrotizing myelopathy inherited/familial basis reported
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Persistent pupillary membrane.
Aidi
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Airedale Terrier
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Adult-onset Demodicosis
- Atopy
- Colonic diseases
- Corneal dystrophy
- Distichiasis
- Entropion
- Follicular dysplasia, flank
- Lymphoma
- Pancreatic carcinoma
- Primary hypothyroidism
- Trembling of hindquarters
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Kidney disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Factor VII deficiency variant/test identified in breed
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
- Hyperuricosuria variant/test identified in breed
- Protein-losing nephropathy risk variant variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Cerebellar hypoplasia, Pulmonic Stenosis, Umbilical hernia.
Akbash Dog
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia breed predisposition; multifactorial
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Akita
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Corneal dystrophy
- Elbow dysplasia
- Entropion
- Harada's disease
- Hip dysplasia
- Hypothyroidism
- Juvenile onset polyarthritis
- Pemphigus foliaceus
- Sebaceous adenitis
- Uveodermatologic Syndrome
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Autoimmune thyroiditis / hypothyroidism parent-club screening priority
- Sebaceous adenitis current breed association
- Uveodermatologic syndrome current breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Factor VII deficiency variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Deafness, Umbilical hernias, Ventricular septal defect.
Alaskan Klee Kai
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Autoimmune thyroiditis / hypothyroidism parent-club screening priority
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Coagulation factor VII deficiency optional breed DNA test
Alaskan Malamute
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Corneal dystrophy
- Hemeralopia
- Hip dysplasia
- Zinc-responsive dermatosis
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Anemia in conjunction with chondrodysplasia inherited/familial basis reported
- Factor VII deficiency established/recognized inherited basis
- Hemophilia A, Factor VIII or AHF deficiency established/recognized inherited basis
- Hereditary polyneuropathy inherited/familial basis reported
- Recessive Hemeralopia inherited/familial basis reported
- Renal cortical hypoplasia inherited/familial basis reported
- Alaskan Malamute polyneuropathy recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Cone degeneration recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Primary ciliary dyskinesia — Alaskan Malamute type recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Anemia in conjunction with chondrodysplasia, Chondrodysplasia with coexisting anemia, Dwarfism, Renal cortical hypoplasia.
Alentejo Mastiff
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Alpine Drachsbracke
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 8 — CLN8-related established causal variant
- Spinocerebellar ataxia — SCN8A-related established likely causal variant
American Bulldog
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia breed predisposition; multifactorial
- Elbow dysplasia breed predisposition; multifactorial
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- NIPAL4-related ichthyosis — American Bulldog type established causal variant
- Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 10 — CTSD-related breed DNA test
- Hyperuricosuria — SLC2A9-associated optional breed DNA test
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
- Multifocal retinopathy 1 variant/test identified in breed
American Bully
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- NIPAL4-related congenital ichthyosis documented familial genetic case; breed-wide frequency uncertain
American English Coonhound
Registry coverage: AKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
American Eskimo Dog
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Primary lens luxation variant/test identified in breed
- Thrombopathia — American Eskimo Dog type variant/test identified in breed
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
American Feist
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
American Foxhound
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Catalase deficiency variant/test identified in breed
- Factor VII deficiency variant/test identified in breed
- Exercise-induced collapse variant/test identified in breed
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Deafness, Microphthalmia.
American Hairless Terrier
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Congenital hypothyroidism with goiter — terrier type variant/test identified in breed
- Prekallikrein deficiency variant/test identified in breed
- Primary lens luxation variant/test identified in breed
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd variant/test identified in breed
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
American Leopard Hound
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
American Pit Bull Terrier
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia breed association
- Patellar luxation breed association
- Autoimmune thyroiditis / hypothyroidism breed association
- Demodicosis breed association
- Zinc-responsive dermatosis breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Cone-rod dystrophy 2 — IQCB1-related established autosomal recessive disease
- Dermatosparaxis (Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VII) — ADAMTS2-related established pathogenic variant
American Staffordshire Terrier
Registry coverage: AKC
Breed Predispositions
- Cataract, bilateral
- Cutaneous mast cell tumors
- False Pregnancy
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Autoimmune thyroiditis / hypothyroidism parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Clefts of lip and palate inherited/familial basis reported
- Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 4A recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Progressive retinal atrophy — cone-rod dystrophy 1 variant/test identified in breed
- Progressive retinal atrophy — cone-rod dystrophy 2 variant/test identified in breed
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
- Hyperuricosuria variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Clefts of lip and palate, Deafness, Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous.
American Water Spaniel
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Hermaphroditism.
Anatolian Shepherd Dog
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
Anglo-Francais de Petite Venerie
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Appenzeller Sennenhunde
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk optional breed DNA test
Ariegeois
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Australian Cattle Dog
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Eczema
- Lysosomal storage disease
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Congenital sensorineural deafness parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Progressive Retinal atrophy -- simple recessive -- testing available from Optigen www.optigen.com established/recognized inherited basis
- Primary lens luxation recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Progressive retinal atrophy — rcd4 recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Cystinuria — Australian Cattle Dog type variant/test identified in breed
- Myotonia congenita — Australian Cattle Dog type variant/test identified in breed
- Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 12 — ATP13A2-related variant/test identified in breed
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Congenital portosystemic encephalopathy, Deafness.
Australian Kelpie
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Cerebellar abiotrophy / degeneration familial breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Collie eye anomaly variant/test identified in breed
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
- Intestinal lipid malabsorption variant/test identified in breed
- Globoid cell leukodystrophy established inherited disorder; gene not fully defined here
Australian Shepherd
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Cataracts
- Epilepsy
- Hip dysplasia
- Nasal solar dermatitis
- Retinal detachment
- Scleral ectasia
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Cleft palate inherited/familial basis reported
- Collie eye anomaly established/recognized inherited basis
- Hereditary deafness inherited/familial basis reported
- Multiple ocular colobomas inherited/familial basis reported
- Progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Hereditary cataract — HSF4-associated recommended/optional breed DNA test
- ABCB1 (MDR1) drug sensitivity recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Collie eye anomaly — NHEJ1-associated recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Hereditary ataxia — Australian Shepherd type variant/test identified in breed
- Junctional epidermolysis bullosa variant/test identified in breed
- Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 8 — Australian Shepherd type variant/test identified in breed
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Cleft palate, Collie eye anomaly, Dwarfism, Hereditary deafness, Microphthalmia, Multiple ocular colobomas, Persistent pupillary membrane, Retinal dysplasia, Spina bifida, Umbilical hernia.
Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Congenital sensorineural deafness established inherited breed predisposition
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Primary lens luxation breed DNA test
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd breed DNA test
- Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 12 variant/test identified in breed
- Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 5 variant/test identified in breed
- Collie eye anomaly variant/test identified in breed
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
- KLF7-associated congenital deafness susceptibility strong candidate association; causality not fully proven
Australian Terrier
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Diabetes mellitus
- Legg-Perthes disease
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Autoimmune thyroiditis / hypothyroidism parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk recommended/optional breed DNA test
Austrian Black and Tan Hound
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Austrian Pinscher
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Azawakh
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
B
Barak
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Barbet
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd variant/test identified in breed
- von Willebrand disease type 1 variant/test identified in breed
Basenji
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Corneal leukomas
- Hip dysplasia
- Hypertrophic gastritis
- Immunoproliferative enteropathy
- Intestinal malabsorption
- Lymphangiectasia
- Lymphocytic/plasmocytic enteritis
- Renal tubular dysfunction
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Autoimmune thyroiditis / hypothyroidism parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Coliform enteritis inherited/familial basis reported
- Fanconi syndrome established/recognized inherited basis
- Inguinal hernia inherited/familial basis reported
- Persistent pupillary membrane inherited/familial basis reported
- Progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Pyruvate kinase deficiency established/recognized inherited basis
- Fanconi syndrome — FAN1-associated recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Progressive retinal atrophy — Basenji type recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Pyruvate kinase deficiency — PKLR-associated variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Coloboma of optic disc, Inguinal hernia, Persistent pupillary membrane, Umbilical hernia.
Basset Artesien Normand
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Basset Bleu De Gascogne
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Basset Fauve de Bretagne
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Primary open-angle glaucoma — ADAMTS17-related Basset Fauve type established likely pathogenic/pathogenic variant
Basset Hound
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Anomaly of third cervical vertebrae
- Atopy
- Ectropion
- Entropion
- Gastric torsion
- Immunodeficiency
- Interdigital inclusion cysts
- Lafara's disease
- Malassezia dermatitis
- Osteochondritis dissecans
- Osteodystrophy
- Otitis externa
- Oversized palpebral fissure
- Platelet disorder
- Primary glaucoma
- Protrusion of the gland of the third eyelid
- Seborrhea, primary
- Skin fold intertrigo
- Torsion of lung
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Inguinal hernia inherited/familial basis reported
- Patella luxation inherited/familial basis reported
- Progressive retinal degeneration established/recognized inherited basis
- Mucopolysaccharidosis I recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Thrombopathia — Basset Hound type recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Primary open-angle glaucoma — Basset Hound type recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Lafora disease recommended/optional breed DNA test
- X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency — Basset Hound type variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Achondroplasia, Inguinal hernia, Persistent pupillary membrane, Pulmonic Stenosis, Ventricular Septal Defect.
Bavarian Mountain Hound
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia current screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Beagle
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Amyloidosis
- Atopic dermatitis
- Bladder cancer
- Bracury
- Bundle branch block
- Cataract, unilateral
- Chronic hepatitis
- Demodicosis
- Ectasia syndrome
- Epilepsy
- Hypercholesterolemia
- Immunoglobulin A deficiency
- Intervertebral disc disease
- Lymphocytic thyroiditis
- Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia
- Primary glaucoma
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Autoimmune thyroiditis / hypothyroidism parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Clefts of lip and palate inherited/familial basis reported
- Factor VII deficiency established/recognized inherited basis
- Hemophilia A, Factor VIII or AHF deficiency established/recognized inherited basis
- Mononephrosis inherited/familial basis reported
- Necrotizing panostitis inherited/familial basis reported
- Otocephalic syndrome inherited/familial basis reported
- Progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Pyruvate kinase deficiency, non spherocytic hemolytic anemia established/recognized inherited basis
- Musladin-Lueke syndrome recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Factor VII deficiency recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Neonatal cerebellar cortical degeneration recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Lafora disease recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Pyruvate kinase deficiency — Beagle type variant/test identified in breed
- Intestinal cobalamin malabsorption — Beagle type variant/test identified in breed
- Osteogenesis imperfecta — Beagle type variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Cataract with microphthalmia, Clefts of lip and palate, Deafness, Pulmonic stenosis, Renal hypoplasia, Umbilical hernias, Unilateral kidney aplasia, Ventricular Septal Defect.
Beagle Harrier
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Bearded Collie
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Colonic disease
- Epilepsy
- Fading pigmentation
- Hip dysplasia
- Pemphigus foliaceus
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Autoimmune thyroiditis / hypothyroidism parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Collie eye anomaly variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Persistent pupillary membranes, Subvalvular aortic stenosis.
Beauceron
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Epidermolysis bullosa
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No condition on the legacy page has yet been classified here as a known or suspected inherited disorder.
Bedlington Terrier
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Copper induced hepatopathy
- Distichiasis
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Renal cortical hypoplasia inherited/familial basis reported
- Copper toxicosis — COMMD1-associated form recommended/optional breed DNA test
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Atresia of lacrimal puncta or canaliculi, Lacrimal duct atresia, Renal cortical hypoplasia, Retinal dysplasia.
Belgian Laekenois
Registry coverage: AKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Autoimmune thyroiditis / hypothyroidism parent-club screening priority
- Dentition abnormalities parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Cardiomyopathy and juvenile mortality variant/test identified in breed
- Cerebellar ataxia 1 — Belgian Shepherd type variant/test identified in breed
- Cerebellar ataxia 2 — Belgian Shepherd type variant/test identified in breed
- Mucopolysaccharidosis VII — shepherd type variant/test identified in breed
Belgian Malinois
Registry coverage: AKC
Breed Predispositions
- Epilepsy
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Hip dysplasia inherited/familial basis reported
- Cardiomyopathy and juvenile mortality variant/test identified in breed
- Cerebellar ataxia 1 — Belgian Shepherd type variant/test identified in breed
- Cerebellar ataxia 2 — Belgian Shepherd type variant/test identified in breed
- Mucopolysaccharidosis VII — shepherd type variant/test identified in breed
Belgian Sheepdog
Registry coverage: AKC
Breed Predispositions
- Epilepsy
- Gastric carcinoma
- Neoplasia
- Vitiligo
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Hip dysplasia inherited/familial basis reported
- Cardiomyopathy and juvenile mortality variant/test identified in breed
- Cerebellar ataxia 1 — Belgian Shepherd type variant/test identified in breed
- Cerebellar ataxia 2 — Belgian Shepherd type variant/test identified in breed
- Mucopolysaccharidosis VII — shepherd type variant/test identified in breed
Belgian Shepherd Dog
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Belgian Tervuren
Registry coverage: AKC
Breed Predispositions
- Epilepsy
- Hypothyroidism
- Pancreatic problems
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Autoimmune thyroiditis / hypothyroidism parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Cardiomyopathy and juvenile mortality variant/test identified in breed
- Cerebellar ataxia 1 — Belgian Shepherd type variant/test identified in breed
- Cerebellar ataxia 2 — Belgian Shepherd type variant/test identified in breed
- Mucopolysaccharidosis VII — shepherd type variant/test identified in breed
Bergamasco Sheepdog
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk recommended/optional breed DNA test
Berger Picard
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- ABCB1 (MDR1) drug sensitivity variant/test identified in breed
Bernese Mountain Dog
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Blue eyes are considered a major fault and should not be bred
- elbow dysplasia
- Hip dysplasia
- Osteochondritis dissecans
- Tremors in head and limbs
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Histiocytic sarcoma current breed association
- Mast cell tumor / lymphoma risk current breed association
- Gastric dilatation-volvulus current breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Cerebellar degeneration inherited/familial basis reported
- Clefts of lip and palate inherited/familial basis reported
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1 common risk variant recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Degenerative myelopathy — Bernese Mountain Dog risk variant recommended/optional breed DNA test
- von Willebrand disease type 1 recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Histiocytic sarcoma genetic risk markers recommended/optional breed DNA test
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Clefts of lip and palate, Umbilical hernias.
Bichon Frise
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Corneal dystrophy
- Epilepsy
- Heavy tartar formation
- Medial luxating patella
- Pemphigus
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Degenerative Valve Disease inherited/familial basis reported
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Patent Ductus Arteriosus.
Biewer Terrier
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Primary lens luxation recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd recommended/optional breed DNA test
- L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria — Yorkshire Terrier type variant/test identified in breed
Billy
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Black and Tan Coonhound
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Bloat
- Bone growth disturbance
- Ectropion
- Entropion
- External ear infections, hematoma, and moist dermatitis
- Uterine inertia
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Malocclusion.
Black Forest Hound
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Black Mouth Cur
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Black Russian Terrier
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Juvenile laryngeal paralysis and polyneuropathy recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Hyperuricosuria variant/test identified in breed
Bloodhound
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Bloat
- Bone growth disturbance
- Ectropion
- Entropion
- External ear infections, hematoma and moist dermatitis
- Redundant forehead skin
- Uterine inertia
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk recommended/optional breed DNA test
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Malocclusion, Subaortic Stenosis.
Bluetick Coonhound
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia breed predisposition; multifactorial
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
Boerboel
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Hyperuricosuria variant/test identified in breed
- Canine multifocal retinopathy 1 variant/test identified in breed
Bolognese
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Heritable eye disease current screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Border Collie
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Ceroid liposuscinosis
- Corneal dystrophy
- Dearness
- Osteochondritis dissecans
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Central progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Collie eye anomaly — NHEJ1-associated variant/test identified in breed
- Trapped neutrophil syndrome variant/test identified in breed
- Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 5 variant/test identified in breed
- Sensory neuropathy — Border Collie type variant/test identified in breed
- Intestinal cobalamin malabsorption — Border Collie type variant/test identified in breed
- Adult-onset deafness — familial form variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Cryptorchidism, Patent ductus arteriosus.
Border Terrier
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- aortic and carotid body tumors
- Cataract (bilateral)
- Craniomandibular osteopathy
- Hip dysplasia
- Mastocytoma
- Oligodendroglioma
- Patellar luxation
- Primary uterine inertia
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Cryptorchidism inherited/familial basis reported
- Progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Spongiform leukoencephalomyelopathy (SLEM) recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Hereditary cataract variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Congenital ventricular, septal defects, Cryptorchidism, Hemivertebrae.
Borzoi
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Atopy
- Bloat
- Calcinosus circumscripta
- Hygromas
- Hypothyroidism
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Autoimmune thyroiditis / hypothyroidism parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Aspermatogenesis inherited/familial basis reported
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk recommended/optional breed DNA test
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Missing teeth are common, Retinal dysplasia.
Boston Terrier
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Aortic and carotid body tumors
- Atopic dermatitis
- Cataract (Juvenile)
- Chemodectoma +/- pericardial effusion
- Constipation
- Corneal dystrophy (endothelial dystrophy)
- Craniomandibular osteopathy
- Crossed eyes
- Cushing's syndrome
- Demodicosis
- Dilated Cardiomyopathy
- Distichiasis
- Dystocia
- Entropion (medial canthus)
- Esophageal achalasia
- Facial fold intertrigo
- glaucoma
- Heterochromia iridis
- Hypertrophy of the nictitans gland
- Inhalant allergies
- Intussusception
- Lymphopenia eosinophilia
- Mastocytoma
- Oligodendroglioma
- Patterned alopecia
- Pituitary tumor
- Protrusion of the gland of the third eyelid
- Pseudocyesis and pyometra
- Stenotic nares
- Strabismus
- "Swimmers"
- Tail fold intertrigo
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Congenital sensorineural deafness parent-club screening priority
- Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) current breed association
- Corneal ulceration / brachycephalic ocular surface disease current breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Clefts of lip and palate inherited/familial basis reported
- Degenerative Valve Disease inherited/familial basis reported
- Endothelial dystrophy inherited/familial basis reported
- Luxating patella inherited/familial basis reported
- Recessive cataract, bilateral inherited/familial basis reported
- Vascular ring anomaly inherited/familial basis reported
- Hereditary juvenile cataract — HSF4-associated recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Mucopolysaccharidosis I — Boston Terrier type variant/test identified in breed
- Hyperuricosuria variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Anasarca, Clefts of lip and palate, Deafness, Hemivertebrae, Hydrocephalus, Patent ductus arteriosus, Scrotal and inguinal hernias, Vascular compression of esophagus, Vascular ring anomaly.
Bouvier de Flandres
Registry coverage: Legacy page
Breed Predispositions
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Cleft palate inherited/familial basis reported
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Cleft palate, Subaortic Stenosis, Umbilical hernia.
Bouvier Des Ardennes
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Spinocerebellar degeneration — KCNJ10-related established autosomal recessive disease
Bouvier des Flandres
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Exercise-induced collapse variant/test identified in breed
Boxer
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Abnormal dentition, extra incisor
- Aortic and carotid body tumors
- Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
- Atopy
- Atrial sepal defect and other cardiac defects
- Central peripheral neuropathy
- Chemodectoma +/- pericardial effusion
- Circumanal neoplasia
- Demodicosis
- Dermoid cysts
- Dilated cardiomyopathy
- Distichiasis
- Endocardial fibroelastosis
- Esophageal dilation
- Factor II hypoprothrombinemia
- Follicular dysplasia (flank)
- Food hypersensitivity
- Gastric torsion
- Gingival hyperplasia
- Gingival neoplasia
- Granulomatous colitis
- Histiocytic colitis
- Histiocytoma
- Tumor primarily of histiocytes
- Hyperadrenocorticism
- Hypothyroidism
- Idiopathic colitis
- Mastocytoma
- Melanoma
- Multiple cardiac defects in one litter
- Muzzle furunculosis, bacterial
- Oligodendroglioma
- Pedal furunculosis, bacterial
- Sinus arrhythmia
- Solar dermatitis (white dogs)
- Spondylosis deformity
- Sterile pyogranuloma syndrome
- Sternal callus
- Superficial corneal erosion (Boxer ulcer)
- Vaginal hyperplasia
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Autoimmune thyroiditis / hypothyroidism parent-club screening priority
- Subaortic stenosis / aortic stenosis parent-club screening priority
- Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy parent-club screening priority
- Mast cell tumor current breed association
- Histiocytic / granulomatous colitis current breed association
- Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) current breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Cystinuria established/recognized inherited basis
- Intervertebral disc degeneration inherited/familial basis reported
- Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy — STRN-associated risk marker recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Hemophilia A — Boxer type variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Deafness, Pulmonic stenosis, Subaortic Stenosis, Subvalvular aortic stenosis, Unilateral cryptorchidism.
Boykin Spaniel
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Degenerative valve disease inherited/familial basis reported
- Exercise-induced collapse recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Collie eye anomaly — NHEJ1-associated recommended/optional breed DNA test
- PFK deficiency / glycogen storage disease VII variant/test identified in breed
- Myotubular myopathy 1 — Boykin Spaniel type variant/test identified in breed
- Progressive retinal atrophy — crd4 variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Pulmonic stenosis.
Bracco Italiano
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Kidney disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Braque D'Auvergne
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia current screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Braque de l'Ariege
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Braque Du Bourbonnais
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Braque Français Gascogne
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Braque Français Pyrénées
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Braque Saint Germain
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Briard
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Gastric torsion
- Hip dysplasia
- Hypothyroidism
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Progressive retinal degeneration type II (central retinal atrophy) established/recognized inherited basis
- Congenital stationary night blindness — RPE65-associated recommended/optional breed DNA test
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Renal dysplasia.
Briquet Griffon Vendeen
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Brittany
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Epilepsy
- Hip dysplasia
- Lip fold dermatitis
- Luxating patellas
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Hemophilia A, Factor VIII or AHF deficiency established/recognized inherited basis
- Complement C3 deficiency variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Persistent right aortic arch, Retinal dysplasia, Unilateral cryptorchidism.
Brussels Griffon
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Dislocation of the shoulder
- Distichiasis
- Leaker puppies
- Short Skull
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) current breed association
- Chiari-like malformation / syringomyelia current breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No condition on the legacy page has yet been classified here as a known or suspected inherited disorder.
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Hydrocephalus.
Bull Terrier
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Spinning syndrome
- Atopy
- Furunculosis, scarring and bacterial
- Mitral valve stenosis
- Solar dermatitis
- Zinc-responsive dermatosis
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Congenital sensorineural deafness parent-club screening priority
- Protein-losing kidney disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Acrodermatitis established/recognized inherited basis
- Recessive umbilical hernia inherited/familial basis reported
- Lethal acrodermatitis established/recognized inherited basis
- Lethal acrodermatitis — MKLN1-associated variant/test identified in breed
- Primary lens luxation variant/test identified in breed
- Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 4A variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Deafness, Inguinal hernia, Recessive umbilical hernia, Mitral valve dysplasia, Subaortic stenosis.
Bulldog
Registry coverage: AKC
Breed Predispositions
- Arrested uterine development
- Arteriovenous fistula
- Canine lymphoma
- Cutaneous mast cell tumors
- Distichiasis
- Ectropion
- Elbow dysplasia
- Elongated soft palate is common
- Entropion
- Extra incisor
- Flaccid shoulder joints
- Follicular conjunctivitis
- Haws
- Hypoplasia of trachea
- Keratitis sicca
- Mitral valve defects
- Muzzle pyoderma
- Oligodendroglioma
- Oversize palpebral fissure
- Predisposition to dystocia
- Prolapsed male urethra
- Pyloric stenosis
- Redundant forehead skin
- Reflex regurgitation
- Schistosomus reflexes
- Short skull
- Stenotic nares
- Swimmers
- Vaginal hyperplasia
- Wrinkle dermatitis
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Tracheal hypoplasia parent-club screening priority
- Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) current breed association
- Skin-fold dermatitis current breed association
- Dystocia current breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Anasarca inherited/familial basis reported
- Clefts of lip and palate inherited/familial basis reported
- Hemophilia A, Factor VIII, or AHF established/recognized inherited basis
- Hereditary abnormal dentition inherited/familial basis reported
- Hip dysplasia inherited/familial basis reported
- Hydrocephalus inherited/familial basis reported
- Cystinuria type 3 risk variants variant/test identified in breed
- Hyperuricosuria variant/test identified in breed
- Canine multifocal retinopathy 1 variant/test identified in breed
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Anasarca, Brachury, Clefts of lip and palate, Cranial bifida, Deafness, Hydrocephalus, Open urethra, Persistent pupillary membrane, Pulmonic stenosis, Spina bifida, Wry mouth.
Bullmastiff
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Abnormal dentition
- Bloat
- Cervical vertebrae malformation
- Contact dermatitis, alopeccia and eczema
- Dilated Cardiomyopathy
- Entropion
- Eversion of the cartilage of the third eyelid
- Folliculitis and furunculosis, bacterial
- Glaucoma
- Vaginal hyperplasia
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Autoimmune thyroiditis / hypothyroidism parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Cleft palate inherited/familial basis reported
- Hip and elbow dysplasia inherited/familial basis reported
- Progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Progressive retinal atrophy — Bullmastiff/Mastiff type variant/test identified in breed
- Canine multifocal retinopathy 1 variant/test identified in breed
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Brachury, Cleft palate, Pulmonic Stenosis.
C
Cairn Terrier
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Aberrant cilia
- Atopy
- Craniomandibular osteopathy
- Ectopic cilia
- Glaucoma (secondary to luxation of lens)
- Globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe's disease)
- Microscopic portovascular dysplasia
- Secondary glaucoma
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Renal aplasia / renal dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Ocular melanosis parent-club screening priority
- Portosystemic vascular anomaly / microvascular dysplasia parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Cystinuria established/recognized inherited basis
- Hemophilia A, Factor VIII or AHF deficiency established/recognized inherited basis
- Progressive retinal degeneration established/recognized inherited basis
- Von Willebrand's disease: pseudohemophilia, vascular hemophilia established/recognized inherited basis
- Globoid cell leukodystrophy / Krabbe disease recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Congenital macrothrombocytopenia variant/test identified in breed
- Hemophilia B — Cairn Terrier type variant/test identified in breed
- Pyruvate kinase deficiency — terrier type variant/test identified in breed
- von Willebrand disease type 1 variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Cerebellar hypoplasia, Inguinal hernia, Portosystemic shunts.
Canaan Dog
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Diabetes
- Epilepsy
- Hip dysplasia
- Hypo and Hyperthyroidism
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Autoimmune thyroiditis / hypothyroidism parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Unilateral cryptorchidism.
Canadian Eskimo Dog
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia current screening priority
- Heritable eye disease current screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Cane Corso
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Dental-retinal-skeletal anomaly recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 1 — Cane Corso type recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Canine multifocal retinopathy 1 variant/test identified in breed
Cao de Castro Laboreiro
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Cardigan Welsh Corgi
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Luxated lumbar intervertebral disc
- Predisposition to dystocia
- Secondary glaucoma, lens luxation
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Cystinuria established/recognized inherited basis
- Generalized progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Progressive retinal atrophy — rcd3 recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk recommended/optional breed DNA test
- X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency — Corgi type variant/test identified in breed
Carolina Dog
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Catalase deficiency variant/test identified in breed; clinical significance requires breed-specific interpretation
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed; clinical significance requires breed-specific interpretation
- Exercise-induced collapse variant/test identified in breed; clinical significance requires breed-specific interpretation
- Hyperuricosuria — SLC2A9-associated variant/test identified in breed; clinical significance requires breed-specific interpretation
- ABCB1 (MDR1) drug sensitivity variant/test identified in breed; clinical significance requires breed-specific interpretation
- Primary lens luxation variant/test identified in breed; clinical significance requires breed-specific interpretation
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd variant/test identified in breed; clinical significance requires breed-specific interpretation
- Von Willebrand disease type 1 variant/test identified in breed; clinical significance requires breed-specific interpretation
Catahoula Leopard Dog
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Congenital sensorineural deafness strong breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
- Intervertebral disc disease risk factor / chondrodystrophy (CDDY with IVDD) variant/test identified in breed
Catalan Sheepdog
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia current screening priority
- Heritable eye disease current screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Caucasian Ovcharka
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Cataract
- Corneal dystrophy
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Distichiasis
- Epilepsy
- Episodic weakness and collapse
- "Fly biting syndrome"
- Hip dysplasia
- Mitral Valve Disease
- Patellar luxation
- Retinal folds
- Right atrial hemangiosarcoma +/- pericardial effusion
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Myxomatous mitral valve disease current breed association
- Chiari-like malformation / syringomyelia current breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Degenerative valve disease inherited/familial basis reported
- Inherited ventricular arrhythmias inherited/familial basis reported
- Retinal Dysplasia inherited/familial basis reported
- Episodic falling syndrome recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Dry eye/curly coat syndrome recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Patent ductus arteriosus, Retinal Dysplasia.
Central Asian Shepherd
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Cesky Fousek
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Cesky Terrier
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Dentition abnormalities parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Primary lens luxation recommended/optional breed DNA test
Chart Polski
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Chesapeake Bay Retriever
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Atopy
- Entropion
- Eversion of the cartilage of the third eyelid
- Folliculitis and furunculosis, bacterial
- Juvenile cataract
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Progressive retinal degeneration type I established/recognized inherited basis
- Progressive retinal degeneration type II established/recognized inherited basis
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Exercise-induced collapse recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Factor VII deficiency variant/test identified in breed
- Ectodermal dysplasia — Chesapeake Bay Retriever type variant/test identified in breed
Chien d'Artois
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Chien Francais Blanc et Noir
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Chien Francais Tricolore
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Chihuahua
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Collapsed trachea
- Corneal dystrophy
- Corneal edema
- Demodicosis
- Dislocation of the shoulder
- Fatty liver syndrome
- Glaucoma (secondary to subluxation of lens)
- Hypoglycemia
- Iridal atrophy
- Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
- Patella luxation
- Pinnal thrombovascular necrosis
- Trichiasis
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) current breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Degenerative valve disease inherited/familial basis reported
- Hemophilia A, Factor VIII or AHF deficiency established/recognized inherited basis
- Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 7 variant/test identified in breed
- Primary lens luxation variant/test identified in breed
- Primary open-angle glaucoma variant/test identified in breed
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Cleft palate, Hydrocephalus, Hypoplasia of dens (odontoid process), Patent ductus arteriosus, Pulmonic stenosis.
Chinese Crested
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Allergic dermatitis
- Follicular plugging (blackheads)
- Sunburn
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Primary lens luxation recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Progressive retinal atrophy — rcd3 recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Canine multiple system degeneration variant/test identified in breed
- Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 7 variant/test identified in breed
Chinese Shar-Pei
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Blepharospasm
- Bowed forelegs
- Ciliary dyskenesia
- Elbow dysplasia
- Entropion
- Fevers of unknown origin
- Food sensitivity
- Hiatal hernias
- Idiopathic mucinosis
- Immunoglobulin A deficiency
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Interdigital erythema and pruritis
- Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
- Medial and lateral patellar luxation
- Otitis externa
- Photophobia and blepharospasm
- Primary megaesophagus
- Renal amyloidosis
- Staphylococcus dermatitis
- Stenotic nares
- Swollen hock syndrome
- Undershot jaw
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Autoimmune thyroiditis / hypothyroidism parent-club screening priority
- Shar-Pei autoinflammatory disease current breed association
- Entropion current breed association
- Renal amyloidosis current breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Hip dysplasia inherited/familial basis reported
- Shar-Pei autoinflammatory disease / familial Shar-Pei fever risk variant/test identified in breed
- Primary open-angle glaucoma with primary lens luxation — Shar-Pei type variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Inguinal hernia, Parrot mouth.
Chinook
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- ABCB1 (MDR1) drug sensitivity recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Chondrodysplasia risk variant recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk recommended/optional breed DNA test
Chow Chow
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Adrenal sex hormone abnormalities
- Bloat
- Cataract
- Color dilution alopecia
- Demodicosis
- Displaced lacrimal puncta
- Distichiasis
- Elbow dysplasia
- Elongated soft palate
- Entropion
- Hyposomatotropism
- Hypothyroidism
- Keratoconjunctivitis
- Narrow palpebral fissure
- Nystagmus
- Oversized palpebral fissure
- Pemphigus foliaceus
- Redundant forehead skin
- Retinal folds
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Autoimmune thyroiditis / hypothyroidism parent-club screening priority
- Entropion current breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Hip dysplasia inherited/familial basis reported
- Elliptocytosis variant/test identified in breed
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Brachury, Cerebellar hypoplasia, Cleft palate, Microphthalmia, Persistent pupillary membrane, Pulmonic stenosis, Ventricular septal defect.
Cimarron Uruguayo
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Cirneco dell’Etna
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Clumber Spaniel
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Ectropion
- Hip dysplasia
- Missing adult teeth
- Undershot jaw
- Uterine inertia
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase 1 deficiency recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Exercise-induced collapse variant/test identified in breed
Cocker Spaniel
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Allergies
- Atopy
- Cataract, bilateral (Juvenile cataract)
- Chronic hepatitis
- Circumanal neoplasia
- Corneal dystrophy
- Dilated cardiomyopathy
- Distichiasis
- Ectopic cilia
- Ectropion
- Elbow dysplasia
- Entropion
- Epidermal cysts
- Esophageal achalasia
- Factor X deficiency
- Food hypersensitivity
- Gingival neoplasia
- Glaucoma ( acute primary narrow-angle glaucoma)
- Glaucoma ( secondary to subluxation of lens)
- Hypertrophy of the nictitans gland
- Hypothyroidism
- Idiopathic facial paralysis
- Intervertebral disc disease
- Lip fold intertrigo
- Malassezia dermatitis
- Oropharyngeal neoplasia
- Otitis externa
- Oversized palpebral fissure
- Oversized upper eyelashes
- Patellar luxation
- Polygenic behavioral abnormalities
- Primary glaucoma
- Primary hypothyroidism
- Protrusion of the gland of the third eyelid
- Redundant skin of the forehead
- Renal amyloidosis
- Reverse rear legs
- Seborrhea, primary
- Sick sinus syndrome
- Skin neoplasia
- Tonsil enlargement
- Trichiasis
- Urinary calculi
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Cerebellar degeneration inherited/familial basis reported
- Degenerative valve disease inherited/familial basis reported
- Hemophilia B, Factor IX deficiency established/recognized inherited basis
- Hip dysplasia inherited/familial basis reported
- Progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Progressive retinal degeneration established/recognized inherited basis
- Familial nephropathy — Cocker Spaniel type variant/test identified in breed
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd variant/test identified in breed
- PFK deficiency / glycogen storage disease VII variant/test identified in breed
- Bernard-Soulier syndrome variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Anasarca, Atresia of lacrimal drainage apparatus, Cataract with microphthalmia, Clefts of lip and palate, Cranioschisis, Cryptorchidism, Deafness, Hermaphroditism, Hydrocephalus internal, Hypoplasia (or aplasia) of optic nerve, Inguinal hernia, Nasolacrimal puncta atresia, Over and undershot jaw, Patent ductus arteriosus, Persistent pupillary membrane, portosystemic shunts, Pulmonic stenosis, Renal cortical hypoplasia, Renal dysplasia, Retinal dysplasia.
Collie
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Bladder cancer
- Bullous pemphigoid
- Choriodal hypoplasia
- Corneal dystrophy
- Demodicosis
- Dermatomyositis
- Discoid lupus erythematosus
- Distichiasis
- Entropion (related to enlarged orbit)
- Epilepsy
- Heterochromia iridis
- Hidradinitis
- Hypoplasia of the optic nerve
- Idiopathic ulcerative dermatosis
- Nasal furunculosis, bacterial
- Optic nerve hypoplasia
- Pemphigus erythematosus
- Proliferative keratoconjunctivitis
- Pyotraumatic dermatitis
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Autosomal recessive cystic neutropenia (gray Collie syndrome) inherited/familial basis reported
- Collie eye anomaly established/recognized inherited basis
- Hemophilia A, Factor VIII or AHF deficiency established/recognized inherited basis
- Multiple Drug Sensitivity established/recognized inherited basis
- Nasal solar dermatitis inherited/familial basis reported
- Progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Progressive retinal degeneration type I established/recognized inherited basis
- Progressive retinal degeneration type II (central retinal atrophy) established/recognized inherited basis
- Recessive ectasia (Collie eye anomaly) established/recognized inherited basis
- Collie eye anomaly — NHEJ1-associated recommended/optional breed DNA test
- ABCB1 (MDR1) drug sensitivity recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Dermatomyositis genetic risk recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Progressive retinal atrophy — rcd2 recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Cyclic neutropenia / gray Collie syndrome variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Achondroplasia, Collie eye anomaly, Coloboma, Deafness, Dwarfism, Inguinal hernia, Microphthalmia (result of merle to merle mating), Patent ductus arteriosus, Persistent pupillary membrane, Recessive ectasia (Collie eye anomaly), Retinal dysplasia, Umbilical hernia.
Coton de Tulear
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Neonatal cerebellar ataxia / Bander's neonatal ataxia recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Canine multifocal retinopathy 2 recommended/optional breed DNA test
- von Willebrand disease type 1 recommended/optional breed DNA test
Croatian Sheepdog
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Curly-Coated Retriever
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Bilateral alopecia
- Cushing's syndrome
- Entropion
- Follicular dysplasia
- Hip dysplasia
- Hypothyroid
- Juvenile osteoporosis
- Pseudocushings syndrome
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Glycogen storage disease IIIa recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Exercise-induced collapse recommended/optional breed DNA test
- Progressive retinal atrophy — crd4/cord1 recommended/optional breed DNA test
Czechoslovakian Wolfdog
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
D
Dachshund
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Acanthosis nigricans
- Atypical chronic superficial keratitis (atypical pannus)
- Chronic superficial keratitis (miniatures)
- Cleft of lip and palate
- Colonic perforation
- Color dilution alopecia
- Conjunctival dermoid
- Corneal dystrophy
- Corneal erosion (superficial)
- Demodicosis
- Dermoid cysts
- Diabetes mellitus
- Ectasia of sclera
- Entropion
- Folliculitis and pedal furunculosis, bacterial
- Heterochromia iridis
- Hyperadrenocorticism
- Hypothyroidism
- Idiopathic epilepsy
- Idiopathic onychodystrophy
- Intervertebral disc disease
- Juvenile cellulitis
- Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
- Linear IgA dermatosis
- Malassezia dermatitis
- Mitral valve prolapse
- Nodular panniculitis (sterile)
- Pattern alopecia (ears)
- Pattern alopecia (ventral)
- Pemphigus foliaceus
- Panniculitis
- Pattern baldness
- Sensory neuropathy (longhairs)
- Sick sinus syndrome
- Sterile pyogranuloma syndrome
- Sternal callus
- Uveodermatologic syndrome
- Ununited anconeal process
- Vasculitis (idiopathic)
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) / chondrodystrophy current breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Cystinuria established/recognized inherited basis
- Degenerative valve disease inherited/familial basis reported
- Progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Progressive retinal degeneration (standard and miniatures) established/recognized inherited basis
- Afibrinogenemia — Dachshund type variant/test identified in breed
- Chondrodysplasia (CDPA) variant/test identified in breed
- Intervertebral disc disease risk factor / chondrodystrophy (CDDY with IVDD) variant/test identified in breed
- Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy — Dachshund type variant/test identified in breed
- Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA — Dachshund type variant/test identified in breed
- Narcolepsy — Dachshund type variant/test identified in breed
- Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 1 variant/test identified in breed
- Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 2 variant/test identified in breed
- Osteogenesis imperfecta — Dachshund type variant/test identified in breed
- Progressive retinal atrophy — cone-rod dystrophy, Dachshund type variant/test identified in breed
- Progressive retinal atrophy — crd4 variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Achondroplasia of the limbs, Deafness, Hypoplasia (or aplasia) of optic nerve, Microphthalmia, Osteopetrosis, Over and undershot jaw in the Longhaired variety, Patent ductus arteriosus, Persistent pupillary membrane, Renal hypoplasia.
Dalmatian
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Atopic dermatitis
- Bactiuria
- Blue eyes
- Conjunctival dermoid
- Demodicosis
- Dilated cardiomyopathy
- Excess uric acid excretion
- Folliculitis and furunculosis, bacterial
- Glaucoma
- Globoid cell leukodystrophy
- Solar dermatitis
- Trichiasis
- Uric acid stones
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Congenital sensorineural deafness parent-club screening priority
- Urate urolithiasis / hyperuricosuria current breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Deafness (cochlear degeneration) inherited/familial basis reported
- Muscular dystrophy (x-linked recessive) established/recognized inherited basis
- Tubular transport dysfunction inherited/familial basis reported
- Hyperuricosuria — SLC2A9-associated variant/test identified in breed
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome — Dalmatian type variant/test identified in breed
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Deafness (cochlear degeneration), Malocclusion, Mitral valve dysplasia.
Dandie Dinmont Terrier
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Hip dysplasia inherited/familial basis reported
- Intervertebral disc disease risk factor / chondrodystrophy (CDDY with IVDD) variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Missing teeth.
Danish Broholmer
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional D–F breed-specific predisposition was added in this reference because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean that inherited disease is absent; evidence for this rare breed remains limited.
Danish-Swedish Farmdog
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional D–F breed-specific predisposition was added in this reference because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean that inherited disease is absent; evidence for this rare breed remains limited.
Deutsche Bracke
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional D–F breed-specific predisposition was added in this reference because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean that inherited disease is absent; evidence for this rare breed remains limited.
Doberman Pinscher
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Acral furunculosis, bacterial
- Acral lick dermatitis
- Alopecia
- Artherosclerosis
- Chronic active hepatitis
- Color dilution alopecia
- Craniomandibular osteodystrophy
- Demodicosis
- Dilated cardiomyopathy
- Drug reaction (sulfas)
- Elbow dysplasia
- Enophthalmos (related to enlarged orbit)
- Entropion
- Eversion of the cartilage of the third eyelid
- Flank sucking
- Follicular dysplasia
- Folliculitis and pedal furunculosis, bacterial
- Glomerulopathy
- Hypothyroidism
- Immune complex disorders
- Liver copper storage disease
- Muzzle furunculosis, bacterial
- Narcolepsy
- Osteosarcoma
- Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
- Spondylolisthesis (Wobblers Syndrome)
- Vitiligo
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Autoimmune thyroiditis / hypothyroidism parent-club screening priority
- von Willebrand disease type 1 parent-club screening priority
- Cervical spondylomyelopathy (Wobbler syndrome) current breed association
- Chronic hepatitis / copper-associated hepatopathy current breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Bundle of His degeneration inherited/familial basis reported
- Hemophilia A established/recognized inherited basis
- Von Willebrand's disease established/recognized inherited basis
- von Willebrand disease type 1 — VWF-associated recommended breed DNA test
- Dilated cardiomyopathy risk marker — Doberman variant 1 variant/test identified in breed
- Dilated cardiomyopathy risk marker — Doberman variant 2 variant/test identified in breed
- Deafness and vestibular dysfunction — Doberman type, variant 2 variant/test identified in breed
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
- Ehlers-Danlos syndrome — Doberman type variant/test identified in breed
- Narcolepsy — Doberman type variant/test identified in breed
- Oculocutaneous albinism — Doberman type variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Atrial septal defect, Deafness, Missing teeth, Persistent hyperplastic vitreous, Persistent pupillary membrane.
Dogo Argentino
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Congenital sensorineural deafness parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
Dogue de Bordeaux
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Sterile pyogranuloma syndrome
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Shoulder disease / osteochondrosis parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Hereditary footpad hyperkeratosis inherited/familial basis reported
- Canine multifocal retinopathy 1 variant/test identified in breed
Drentse Patrijshond
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional D–F breed-specific predisposition was added in this reference because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean that inherited disease is absent; evidence for this rare breed remains limited.
Drever
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional D–F breed-specific predisposition was added in this reference because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean that inherited disease is absent; evidence for this rare breed remains limited.
Dunker
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional D–F breed-specific predisposition was added in this reference because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean that inherited disease is absent; evidence for this rare breed remains limited.
Dutch Shepherd
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional D–F breed-specific predisposition was added in this reference because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean that inherited disease is absent; evidence for this rare breed remains limited.
Dutch Smoushond
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional D–F breed-specific predisposition was added in this reference because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean that inherited disease is absent; evidence for this rare breed remains limited.
E
East Siberian Laika
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional D–F breed-specific predisposition was added in this reference because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean that inherited disease is absent; evidence for this rare breed remains limited.
English Bulldog
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Atopy
- Chemodectoma +/- pericardial effusion
- Constipation
- Demodicosis
- Facial fold intertrigo
- Fecal incontinance
- Folliculitis and pedal furunculosis, bacterial
- Follicular dysplasia (flank)
- Hypothyroidism
- Malassezia dermatitis
- Mitral valve dysplasia
- Muzzle furunculosis, bacterial
- Sterile pyogranuloma syndrome
- Tail fold intertrigo
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Tracheal hypoplasia parent-club screening priority
- Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) current breed association
- Skin-fold dermatitis current breed association
- Dystocia current breed association
- Brachycephalic ocular surface disease / corneal ulceration current breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No condition on the legacy page has yet been classified here as a known or suspected inherited disorder.
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Cleft palate, Persistent right aortic arch, Pulmonic stenosis, Subaortic stenosis, Tetralogy of Fallot, Vascular compression of the esophagus, Ventricular septal defect.
English Cocker Spaniel
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Cataracts
- Glaucoma
- Hypothyroidism
- Juvenile amaurotic idiocy
- Lip fold intertrigo
- Malassezia dermatitis
- Otitis externa
- Seborrhea, primary
- "Swimmers"
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd parent-club screening priority
- Primary glaucoma current breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Food hypersensitivity Generalized progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Hemophilia A established/recognized inherited basis
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd recommended breed DNA test
- Acral mutilation syndrome recommended breed DNA test
- Exercise-induced collapse recommended breed DNA test
- Familial nephropathy — Cocker Spaniel type recommended breed DNA test
- Adult-onset neuropathy recommended breed DNA test
- PFK deficiency / glycogen storage disease VII variant/test identified in breed
- Intervertebral disc disease risk factor / chondrodystrophy (CDDY with IVDD) variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Cryptorchidism, Deafness, Pseudohermaphroditism.
English Coonhound
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional D–F breed-specific predisposition was added in this reference because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean that inherited disease is absent; evidence for this rare breed remains limited.
English Foxhound
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Deafness inherited/familial basis reported
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Deafness.
English Setter
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Carcinoma and lymphosarcoma of oral and nasal cavity
- Cataract
- Craniomandibular osteoarthropathy
- Eclampsia
- Ectropion
- Entropion
- Hypoglycemia
- Prolonged anesthesia
- Pyoderma
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Autoimmune thyroiditis / hypothyroidism parent-club screening priority
- Congenital sensorineural deafness parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Hemophilia A, Factor VIII or AHF deficiency established/recognized inherited basis
- Hip dysplasia inherited/familial basis reported
- Progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Recessive juvenile amaurotic idiocy inherited/familial basis reported
- Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 8 — setter type variant/test identified in breed
- Progressive retinal atrophy — rcd4 variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Deafness.
English Shepherd
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional D–F breed-specific predisposition was added in this reference because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean that inherited disease is absent; evidence for this rare breed remains limited.
English Springer Spaniel
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Cutaneous asthenia (Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome)
- Diabetes mellitus
- Dilated cardiomyopathy
- Distichiasis
- Ectropion
- Entropion
- Epilepsy
- Episodic collapse
- Factor XI (PTA) deficiency
- Food hypersensitivity
- Glaucoma
- Hanging tongue
- Hypothyroidism
- Idiopathic onychodystrophy
- Lip fold intertrigo
- Malassezia dermatitis
- Myasthenia gravis
- Otitis externa
- Patellar luxation
- Persistent atrial standstill
- Primary retinal dystrophy
- Psoriasiform-lichenoid dermatosis
- Seborrhea, primary
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Progressive retinal atrophy — crd4/cord1 parent-club screening priority
- Chronic hepatitis / hepatopathy current breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Central progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Cleft palate inherited/familial basis reported
- Fucosidosis established/recognized inherited basis
- Hip dysplasia inherited/familial basis reported
- Phosphofructokinase deficiency established/recognized inherited basis
- Progressive retinal degeneration type II established/recognized inherited basis
- Progressive retinal atrophy — crd4/cord1 recommended breed DNA test
- PFK deficiency / glycogen storage disease VII optional breed DNA test
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk optional breed DNA test
- Acral mutilation syndrome variant/test identified in breed
- Familial nephropathy — English Springer Spaniel type variant/test identified in breed
- Intervertebral disc disease risk factor / chondrodystrophy (CDDY with IVDD) variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Cleft palate, Congenital Femoral Shift, Congenital seborrhea, Patent ductus arteriosus, Persistent pupillary membrane, Retinal dysplasia, Umbilical hernia, Ventricular septal defect.
English Toy Spaniel
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Chondrodysplasia (CDPA) variant/test identified in breed
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
- Intervertebral disc disease risk factor / chondrodystrophy (CDDY with IVDD) variant/test identified in breed
- von Willebrand disease type 1 variant/test identified in breed
Entlebucher Mountain Dog
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd recommended breed DNA test
Epagneul Bleu de Picardie
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional D–F breed-specific predisposition was added in this reference because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean that inherited disease is absent; evidence for this rare breed remains limited.
Epagneul de Pont-Audemer
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional D–F breed-specific predisposition was added in this reference because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean that inherited disease is absent; evidence for this rare breed remains limited.
Epagneul Picard
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional D–F breed-specific predisposition was added in this reference because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean that inherited disease is absent; evidence for this rare breed remains limited.
Estrela Mountain Dog
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional D–F breed-specific predisposition was added in this reference because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean that inherited disease is absent; evidence for this rare breed remains limited.
Eurasian
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional D–F breed-specific predisposition was added in this reference because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean that inherited disease is absent; evidence for this rare breed remains limited.
F
Field Spaniel
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Anesthetic sensitivity
- Hip dysplasia
- Hypothyroidism
- Pyometra
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Autoimmune thyroiditis / hypothyroidism parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No condition on the legacy page has yet been classified here as a known or suspected inherited disorder.
- Progressive retinal atrophy — crd4 variant/test identified in breed
Finnish Hound
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional D–F breed-specific predisposition was added in this reference because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean that inherited disease is absent; evidence for this rare breed remains limited.
Finnish Lapphund
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Pompe disease / glycogen storage disease II parent-club screening priority
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk parent-club screening priority
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk recommended breed DNA test
- Pompe disease / glycogen storage disease II recommended breed DNA test
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd recommended breed DNA test
- Hyperuricosuria variant/test identified in breed
- Canine multifocal retinopathy 3 variant/test identified in breed
Finnish Spitz
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No condition on the legacy page has yet been classified here as a known or suspected inherited disorder.
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Cleft palate.
Flat-Coated Retriever
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Diabetes insipidus
- Epilepsy
- Glaucoma
- Hip dysplasia
- Histiocytic sarcoma
- Luxating patella
- Megaesophagus
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Histiocytic sarcoma current breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No condition on the legacy page has yet been classified here as a known or suspected inherited disorder.
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
Francais Blanc et Orange
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional D–F breed-specific predisposition was added in this reference because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean that inherited disease is absent; evidence for this rare breed remains limited.
French Bulldog
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Elongated soft palate
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) current breed association
- Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) current breed association
- Hemivertebra / congenital vertebral malformation current breed association
- Brachycephalic ocular surface disease / corneal ulceration current breed association
- Dystocia current breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- HemophiliaA, Factor VIII, or AHF deficiency established/recognized inherited basis
- Hemophilia B, Factor IX deficiency established/recognized inherited basis
- Chondrodysplasia (CDPA) variant/test identified in breed
- Cystinuria type 3 risk variants variant/test identified in breed
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
- Hereditary cataract variant/test identified in breed
- Hyperuricosuria variant/test identified in breed
- Intervertebral disc disease risk factor / chondrodystrophy (CDDY with IVDD) variant/test identified in breed
- Canine multifocal retinopathy 1 variant/test identified in breed
- Oculocutaneous albinism — small-breed type variant/test identified in breed
- Progressive retinal atrophy — crd4 variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Brachury, Cleft palate and lip, Hemivertebra.
French Spaniel
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional D–F breed-specific predisposition was added in this reference because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean that inherited disease is absent; evidence for this rare breed remains limited.
G
German Drahthaar
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional G–I breed-specific predisposition was added because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
German Long Haired Pointer
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional G–I breed-specific predisposition was added because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
German Pinscher
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- von Willebrand disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- von Willebrand disease type 1 — VWF-associated recommended breed DNA test
- Dilated cardiomyopathy risk — German Pinscher familial form documented familial/variant association
German Rough Haired Pointer
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional G–I breed-specific predisposition was added because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
German Shepherd Dog
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Atopic dermatitis
- Axonopathy
- Bacterial overgrowth (GI tract)
- Behavioral abnormalities
- Bilateral cataract
- Calcinosis circumscripta tongue
- Cellulitis
- Collagen disorder of footpads
- Conjunctival dermoid cyst
- Contact hypersensitivity
- Dilated cardiomyopathy
- Discoid lupus erythematosus
- Ectasia syndrome
- Elbow dysplasia
- Enostenosis (Eosinophilic panostitis)
- Epilepsy
- Esophageal achalasia
- Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
- Eversion of nictitating membrane
- Flea bite hypersensitivity
- Fly dermatitis of ear tips
- Food hypersensitivity
- Gastroenteritis
- Hepatic angiosarcoma
- Hypothyroidism
- Inflammation of the third eyelid
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Insect or arachnid-related eosinophilic furunculosis (face)
- Lupoid onychodystrophy
- Megaesophagus
- Mucocutaneous bacterial pyoderma
- Nasal furunculosis, bacterial
- Nodular dermatofibrosis with renal cystadenocarcinoma
- Oropharyngeal neoplasia
- Osteochondritis dissecans
- Osteosarcoma
- Otitis externa
- Palpebral dermoid
- Pancreatic insufficiency
- Pannus
- Pemphigus erythematosus
- Perianal fistula
- Phimosis
- Progressive posterior paralysis
- Pyotraumatic dermatitis
- Right atrial hemangiosarcoma +/- pericardial effusion
- Seborrhea, primary
- Senile cataract
- Sialocele
- Silica uroliths
- Stress induced diarrhea
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Tarsal fistulae
- Uterine leiomyomas
- Vascular anomaly with compression of the esophagus
- Vitiligo
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk parent-club screening priority
- Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis strong breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Cleft of lip and palate inherited/familial basis reported
- Cystinuria established/recognized inherited basis
- Hemophilia A, Factor VIII, or AHF deficiency established/recognized inherited basis
- Hip dysplasia inherited/familial basis reported
- Inherited ventricular arrhythmias inherited/familial basis reported
- Uberreiter's syndrome inherited/familial basis reported
- Von Willebrand's disease; pseodohemophilia; vascular hemophilia established/recognized inherited basis
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk recommended breed DNA test
- Pituitary dwarfism / combined pituitary hormone deficiency — LHX3-associated documented familial/variant association
- Mucopolysaccharidosis VII — GUSB-associated documented familial/variant association
- Hemophilia A — F8-associated forms documented familial/variant association
- Hyperuricosuria — SLC2A9-associated documented familial/variant association
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Deafness, Fibrous subaortic stenosis, Mitral valve dysplasia, Patent ductus arteriosus, Persistent right aortic arch, Pituitary dwarfism, Renal cortical hypoplasia, Subaortic stenosis, Tricuspid valve dysplasia.
German Shorthaired Pointer
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Amaurotic idiocy
- Corneal dystrophy
- Entropion
- Eversion of nictating membrane
- Fibrosarcoma
- Lymphedema
- Melanoma
- Oropharyngeal neoplasia
- Strabismus
- Thrombocytopathy, platelet function defect
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Gastric dilatation-volvulus breed/conformation association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No condition on the legacy page has yet been classified here as a known or suspected inherited disorder.
- Cone degeneration documented familial/variant association
- Duchenne-type muscular dystrophy — DMD-associated documented familial/variant association
- Factor VII deficiency documented familial/variant association
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk documented familial/variant association
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Malocclusion, Pseudohermaphroditism, Subaortic stenosis.
German Spaniel
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional G–I breed-specific predisposition was added because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
German Spitz
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional G–I breed-specific predisposition was added because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
German Wirehaired Pointer
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Subcutaneous cysts
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Autoimmune thyroiditis / hypothyroidism parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No condition on the legacy page has yet been classified here as a known or suspected inherited disorder.
- von Willebrand disease type 2 — VWF-associated documented familial/variant association
- Cone degeneration documented familial/variant association
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk documented familial/variant association
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Malocclusion.
Giant Schnauzer
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- High incidence of hip dysplasia
- Hypothyroidism
- Malabsorption of cobalamin
- Osteochondritis dissecans
- Seborrhea
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Autoimmune thyroiditis / hypothyroidism parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Von Willebrand's disease established/recognized inherited basis
- Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome documented familial/variant association
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd documented familial/variant association
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk documented familial/variant association
Glen of Imaal Terrier
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Progressive retinal atrophy — crd3 recommended breed DNA test
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk documented familial/variant association
Golden Retriever
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Acute moist dermatitis
- Acral lick dermatitis
- Atopy
- Bilateral cataract
- Distichiasis
- Elbow dysplasia
- Elbow osteochondrosis
- Entropion
- Folliculitis and furunculosis, bacterial
- Hip dysplasia
- Hypothyroidism
- Inhalant allergies
- Juvenile cellulitis
- Nasal hypopigmentation
- Oropharyngeal neoplasia
- Osteosarcoma
- Pericardial effusion - idiopathic
- Pyotraumatic dermatitis
- Pyotraumatic folliculitis and furunculosis, bacterial
- Right atrial hemangiosarcoma +/- pericardial effusion
- Sterile pyogranuloma syndrome
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Lymphoma breed-associated cancer risk
- Mast cell tumor breed-associated cancer risk
- Atopic dermatitis strong breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Canine X-linked muscular dystrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Central progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Central retinal degeneration inherited/familial basis reported
- Hemophilia A, Factor VIII or AHF deficiency established/recognized inherited basis
- Muscular dystrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Von Willebrand's disease; pseudohemophilia; vascular hemophilia established/recognized inherited basis
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd recommended breed DNA test
- Progressive retinal atrophy 1 — Golden Retriever type recommended breed DNA test
- Progressive retinal atrophy 2 — Golden Retriever type recommended breed DNA test
- Ichthyosis 1 — PNPLA1-associated documented familial/variant association
- Ichthyosis 2 — ABHD5-associated documented familial/variant association
- Duchenne-type muscular dystrophy — DMD-associated documented familial/variant association
- Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 5 documented familial/variant association
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk documented familial/variant association
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Cataract with microphthalmia, Cerebellar hypoplasia, Diaphragmatic hernia, Mitral valve dysplasia, Retinal dysplasia, Subvalvular aortic stenosis, Tricuspid valve dysplasia.
Gordon Setter
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Atopy
- Cerebellar cortical abiotrophy
- Entropion
- Hypothyroidism
- Juvenile cellulitis
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Generalized progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Hip dysplasia inherited/familial basis reported
- Progressive retinal degeneration established/recognized inherited basis
- Progressive retinal atrophy — rcd4 documented familial/variant association
- Progressive retinal atrophy — rcd1 documented familial/variant association
Grand Basset Griffon Vendéen
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- X-linked muscular dystrophy — dystrophin deficient familial X-linked inherited disease reported
Grand Bleu De Gascogne
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional G–I breed-specific predisposition was added because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Grand Gascon-Saintongeois
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional G–I breed-specific predisposition was added because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Grand Griffon Vendeen
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional G–I breed-specific predisposition was added because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Great Anglo-Francais Tricolor Hound
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional G–I breed-specific predisposition was added because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Great Anglo-Francais White and Black Hound
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional G–I breed-specific predisposition was added because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Great Anglo-Francais White and Orange Hound
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional G–I breed-specific predisposition was added because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Great Dane
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Acral furunculosis, bacterial
- Acral lick dermatitis
- Atopy
- Cervical calcinosis circumscripta
- Elbow dysplasia
- Eversion of the nictitating membrane
- Folliculitis and furunculosis, bacterial
- Gastric dilitation-volvulus
- Heterochromia iridis
- Hypothyroidism
- Lone atrial fibrillation
- Megaesophagus
- Metabolic bone disease
- Mitral valve d ysplasia
- Muzzle furunculosis, bacterial
- Necrotizing myelopathy
- Osteochondritis dissecans
- Osteosarcoma
- Pedal furunculosis, bacterial
- Progressive ataxia
- Solar dermatosis (Harlequin)
- Spondylolisthesis
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Autoimmune thyroiditis / hypothyroidism parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Gastric dilatation-volvulus strong breed/conformation association
- Cervical spondylomyelopathy (Wobbler syndrome) strong breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Cystinuria established/recognized inherited basis
- Stockard's paralysis inherited/familial basis reported
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk documented familial/variant association
- Hereditary myopathy / centronuclear myopathy — Great Dane type documented familial/variant association
- Multifocal retinopathy 1 documented familial/variant association
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Cerebellar hypoplasia, Deafness, Microphthalmia, Persistent right aortic arch, Pulmonic stenosis, Retinal dysplasia (Harlequin), Subaortic stenosis, Tricuspid valve dysplasia.
Great Pyrenees
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Alternate breed name: Pyrenean Mountain Dog (UK/FCI usage).
Breed Predispositions
- Blue eyes
- Brittle bone syndrome
- Cataracts
- Defective heart
- Demodicosis
- Entropion
- Missing dewclaws
- Pyotraumatic dermatitis
- Slipped patella
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Osteosarcoma breed/body-size association
- Ectropion
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Factor IX(PTA) deficiency established/recognized inherited basis
- Hip dysplasia inherited/familial basis reported
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk documented familial/variant association
- Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 8 — Great Pyrenees type documented familial/variant association
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Achondroplasia, Anophthalmia, Cleft palate, Cryptorchidism, Deafness, Malocclusion, Monorchidism, Persistent hyaloid artery, Tricuspid valve dysplasia, Persistent pupillary membrane.
Greater Swiss Mountain Dog
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Shoulder osteochondrosis parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk documented familial/variant association
Greenland Dog
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional G–I breed-specific predisposition was added because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Greyhound
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Anesthetic risk
- Azoturia-like disease
- Bloat
- Cheyletiellosis
- Esophageal achalasia
- Lens luxation
- Megaesophagus
- Predisposition to dystocia
- Retinal dystrophy
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Osteosarcoma breed association
- Greyhound fibrinolytic bleeding syndrome / delayed postoperative bleeding recognized breed hemostatic syndrome
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Von Willebrand's disease established/recognized inherited basis
- Greyhound polyneuropathy — NDRG1-associated documented familial/variant association
- Malignant hyperthermia — RYR1-associated documented familial/variant association
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Persistent pupillary membrane, Persistent right aortic arch, Short spine.
Griffon Bleu de Gascogne
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional G–I breed-specific predisposition was added because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Griffon Fauve de Bretagne
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional G–I breed-specific predisposition was added because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Griffon Nivernais
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional G–I breed-specific predisposition was added because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
H
Haldenstover
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional G–I breed-specific predisposition was added because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Hamiltonstovare
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional G–I breed-specific predisposition was added because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Hanoverian Hound
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional G–I breed-specific predisposition was added because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Harrier
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No condition on the legacy page has yet been classified here as a known or suspected inherited disorder.
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Malocclusion.
Havanese
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Congenital sensorineural deafness parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Chondrodysplasia / short-limb phenotype — breed-associated variant documented familial/variant association
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk documented familial/variant association
Hellenic Hound
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional G–I breed-specific predisposition was added because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Hokkaido
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional G–I breed-specific predisposition was added because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Hovawart
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional G–I breed-specific predisposition was added because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Hygen Hound
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional G–I breed-specific predisposition was added because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
I
Ibizan Hound
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Allergic reaction to several chemicals
- Anesthesia risk
- Bloat
- Seizures
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Congenital sensorineural deafness parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No condition on the legacy page has yet been classified here as a known or suspected inherited disorder.
- Axonal dystrophy / hereditary sensory neuropathy — Ibizan Hound type documented familial/variant association
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Deafness, Unilateral cryptorchidism.
Icelandic Sheepdog
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk documented familial/variant association
Irish Red and White Setter
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Canine leukocyte adhesion deficiency parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Canine leukocyte adhesion deficiency — ITGB2-associated recommended breed DNA test
- Progressive retinal atrophy — rcd1 documented familial/variant association
Irish Setter
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Acral furunculosis, bacterial
- Acral lick dermatitis
- Atopy
- Carpal luxation
- Cataract, juvenile cataract
- Color dilution alopecia
- Constipation
- Corneal dystrophy
- Deformed tail
- Dilated cardiomyopathy
- Distichiasis
- Enlarged orbit
- Entropion
- Fecal incontinence
- Folliculitis and furunculosis, bacterial
- Granulocytopathy
- Hip dysplasia
- Hypothyroidism
- Idiopathic epilepsy
- Inhalant allergies
- Megaesophagus
- Metabolic bone disease
- Osteochondritis dissecans
- Osteosarcoma
- Primary megaesophagus
- Quadriplegia with amblyopia
- Right atrial hemangiosarcoma +/- pericardial effusion
- Seborrhea, primary
- Vascular anomaly with compression of the esophagus
- Wheat-sensitive enteropathy
- Autoimmune thyroiditis / hypothyroidism parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Gastric dilatation-volvulus breed/conformation association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Generalized myopathy inherited/familial basis reported
- Generalized progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Hemophilia A,Factor VIII deficiency established/recognized inherited basis
- Progressive retinal degeneration type I (rod-cone dysplasia) established/recognized inherited basis
- Canine leukocyte adhesion deficiency — ITGB2-associated recommended breed DNA test
- Progressive retinal atrophy — rcd1 documented familial/variant association
- Progressive retinal atrophy — rcd4 documented familial/variant association
- Gluten-sensitive enteropathy risk — breed-associated familial disease documented familial/variant association
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk documented familial/variant association
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Persistent right aortic arch, Persistent pupillary membrane.
Irish Terrier
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Tubular transport dysfunction
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Cystinuria established/recognized inherited basis
- Hereditary footpad keratosis inherited/familial basis reported
- Hereditary myopathy inherited/familial basis reported
- Muscular dystrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Hereditary footpad hyperkeratosis — KRT16-associated documented familial/variant association
- Cystinuria — breed-associated inherited form documented familial/variant association
Irish Water Spaniel
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hypotrichosis
- Idiopathic onychodystrophy
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Autoimmune thyroiditis / hypothyroidism parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Hip dysplasia inherited/familial basis reported
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd documented familial/variant association
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk documented familial/variant association
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Malocclusion.
Irish Wolfhound
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Cataracts
- Dilated Cardiomyopathy
- Heart disease
- Hip and elbow dysplasia
- Hygroma of elbow
- Lone atrial fibrillation
- Osteosarcoma
- Rhinitis syndrome
- Tail injury
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Gastric dilatation-volvulus breed/conformation association
- Intrahepatic portosystemic shunt recognized breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Dilated cardiomyopathy — familial/polygenic risk documented familial/variant association
- Progressive retinal atrophy — Irish Wolfhound type documented familial/variant association
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk documented familial/variant association
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Intrahepatic portosystemic shunts.
Istrian Coarse-Haired Hound
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional G–I breed-specific predisposition was added because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Istrian Short-Haired Hound
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional G–I breed-specific predisposition was added because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Italian Greyhound
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Epilepsy
- Increased anesthetic risk
- Patellar Luxation
- Immune mediated thrombocytopenia
- Autoimmune thyroiditis / hypothyroidism parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Periodontal disease / early dental disease strong breed association
- Leg fractures in young dogs conformation-associated injury risk
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Vitreous Degeneration inherited/familial basis reported
- von Willebrand's disease established/recognized inherited basis
- Progressive retinal atrophy — breed-associated susceptibility recommended breed DNA test
- Primary closed-angle glaucoma susceptibility recommended breed DNA test
- Familial enamel hypoplasia recommended breed DNA test
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Monorchidism, Persistent right aortic arch.
Italian Hound
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional G–I breed-specific predisposition was added because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
J
Jack Russell Terrier
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Hereditary ataxia inherited/familial basis reported
- Primary lens luxation documented familial/variant association
- Congenital myasthenic syndrome — Jack Russell Terrier type documented familial/variant association
- Late-onset ataxia — CAPN1-associated documented familial/variant association
- Spinocerebellar ataxia with myokymia/seizures — KCNJ10-associated documented familial/variant association
- Ichthyosis — Jack Russell Terrier type documented familial/variant association
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Deafness.
Jagdterrier
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Primary lens luxation documented familial/variant association
- Hyperuricosuria — SLC2A9-associated documented familial/variant association
Japanese Akitainu
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional J–L breed-specific predisposition was added because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Japanese Chin
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No non-congenital predisposition listing remains after the current provisional classification.
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Brachycephalic ocular surface disease / corneal ulceration conformation-associated risk
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No condition on the legacy page has yet been classified here as a known or suspected inherited disorder.
- GM2 gangliosidosis — Japanese Chin type recommended breed DNA test
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Achondroplasia, Monorchidism.
Japanese Spitz
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Factor VII deficiency documented familial/variant association
- Progressive retinal atrophy — rcd4 documented familial/variant association
Japanese Terrier
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional J–L breed-specific predisposition was added because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
K
Kai Ken
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional J–L breed-specific predisposition was added because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Kangal Dog
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional J–L breed-specific predisposition was added because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Karelian Bear Dog
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia breed predisposition; multifactorial
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Chondrodysplasia — Karelian Bear Dog/Norwegian Elkhound type documented familial/variant association
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd documented familial/variant association
Karst Shepherd Dog
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional J–L breed-specific predisposition was added because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Keeshond
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Aberrant cilia
- Ectopic cilia
- Epilepsy
- Hypogonadism of intact male
- Hyposomatotropism
- Hypothyroidism
- Predisposition of melanoma
- Primary hyperparathyroidism
- Sebaceous cyst
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Con otrunctal Defects (CTD) inherited/familial basis reported
- Primary hyperparathyroidism — PHPT-associated test recommended breed DNA test
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk documented familial/variant association
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Mitral valve dysplasia, Patent ductus arteriosus, Pulmonic stenosis, Renal cortical hypoplasia, Tetralogy of Fallot.
Kerry Blue Terrier
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Cerebellar cortical and extrapyramidal nuclear abiotrophy
- Distichiasis
- Entropion
- Footpad keratoses (corns)
- Hair follicle tumors
- Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
- Narrow palpebral fissure
- Otitis externa
- Spiculosis
- Trichiasis (upper lateral cilia)
- Ununited anconeal process
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No condition on the legacy page has yet been classified here as a known or suspected inherited disorder.
- Canine multiple system degeneration — Kerry Blue Terrier type documented familial/variant association
- Factor XI deficiency documented familial/variant association
- von Willebrand disease type 1 documented familial/variant association
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk documented familial/variant association
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Patent ductus arteriosus.
Kishu Ken
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional J–L breed-specific predisposition was added because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Komondor
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Dentition abnormalities parent-club screening priority
- Cysts
- Entropion
- Skin problems
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk optional breed DNA test
- Hip dysplasia inherited/familial basis reported
Korean Jindo Dog
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional J–L breed-specific predisposition was added because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Kromfohrlander
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional J–L breed-specific predisposition was added because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Kuvasz
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Autoimmune thyroiditis / hypothyroidism parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No condition on the legacy page has yet been classified here as a known or suspected inherited disorder.
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd optional breed DNA test
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk documented familial/variant association
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Deafness.
L
Labrador Retriever
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Acral furunculosis, bacterial
- Acral lick dermatitis
- Associated occular and skeletal dysplasia
- Atherosclerosis
- Atopy
- Bilateral Cataract
- Chronic hepatitis
- Copper toxicosis
- Corneal opacity
- Craniomandibular osteopathy
- Dacrocystitis
- Deficiency of type II muscle fibers
- Diabetes mellitis
- Dilated cardiomyopathy
- Distichiasis
- Elbow osteochrondrosis
- Entropion
- Epilepsy
- Folliculitis and furunculosis, bacterial
- Food allergy
- Hypertrophic osteodystrophy
- Hypoglycemia
- Hypothyroidism
- Juvenile Cataract
- Leukotrichia
- Megaesophagus
- Melanoma
- Nyatagmus
- Pericardial effusion - idiopathic
- Postnatal cerebellar
- Prolapsed rectum
- Prolapsed uterus
- Pyotraumatic dermatitis
- Receptor dystrophy
- Retinal detachment
- Right atrial hemangiosarcoma +/- pericardial effusion
- Seborrhea, primary
- Shoulder dysplasia
- Shoulder lameness
- Tricuspid valve disease
- Ununited anconeal process
- Waterline disease
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Obesity / excess body condition strong breed association
- Osteoarthritis / degenerative joint disease breed and body-size association
- Otitis externa documented breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Carpal subluxation (XR) inherited/familial basis reported
- Retinal pigment epithelial dystrophy (formerly central progressive retinal atrophy) established/recognized inherited basis
- Central retinal degeneration inherited/familial basis reported
- Cortical degeneration inherited/familial basis reported
- Cystinuria (SLR) established/recognized inherited basis
- Factor IX deficiency (congenital) established/recognized inherited basis
- Hemophilia A, Factor VIII or AHF deficiency (SLR) established/recognized inherited basis
- Hereditary myopathy inherited/familial basis reported
- Hip dysplasia inherited/familial basis reported
- Liver disease and liver cirrhosis (hereditary factors) inherited/familial basis reported
- Muscular dystrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Centronuclear myopathy — HACD1-associated recommended breed DNA test
- Exercise-induced collapse — DNM1-associated recommended breed DNA test
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd recommended breed DNA test
- Hereditary nasal parakeratosis — Labrador Retriever type documented familial/variant association
- Skeletal dysplasia 2 documented familial/variant association
- Retinal dysplasia / oculoskeletal dysplasia 1 documented familial/variant association
- Congenital myasthenic syndrome — Labrador Retriever type documented familial/variant association
- Cystinuria — Labrador Retriever type documented familial/variant association
- Stargardt disease documented familial/variant association
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Canine congenital hypotrichosis, Coloboma, Congenital phimosis and cutaneous mast cell tumors, Dwarfism associated with retinal dysplasia, Factor IX deficiency (congenital), Missing teeth, Patent ductus arteriosus, Persistent hyaloid artery, Persistent pupillary membrane, Pulmonic stenosis, Retinal dysplasia.
Lagotto Romagnolo
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Juvenile cataract recognized breed eye concern
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Benign familial juvenile epilepsy recommended breed DNA test
- Lagotto storage disease — ATG4D-associated recommended breed DNA test
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd documented familial/variant association
- Polycystic kidney disease — PKD1-associated Lagotto form documented familial/variant association
Lakeland Terrier
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No condition on the legacy page has yet been classified here as a known or suspected inherited disorder.
- Primary lens luxation documented familial/variant association
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Cryptorchidism, Ventricular septal defect.
Lancashire Heeler
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Heritable eye disease current screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Primary lens luxation recommended breed DNA test
- Collie eye anomaly — NHEJ1-associated recommended breed DNA test
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk documented familial/variant association
- Craniomandibular osteopathy documented familial/variant association
Lapponian Herder
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional J–L breed-specific predisposition was added because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Large Munsterlander
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional J–L breed-specific predisposition was added because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Leonberger
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Autoimmune thyroiditis / hypothyroidism parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Dilated cardiomyopathy breed-associated cardiac risk
- Osteosarcoma breed/body-size association
- Gastric dilatation-volvulus breed/conformation association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Leonberger polyneuropathy 1 — LPN1 recommended breed DNA test
- Leonberger polyneuropathy 2 — LPN2 recommended breed DNA test
- Laryngeal paralysis and polyneuropathy 3 — LPPN3 recommended breed DNA test
- Leukoencephalomyelopathy — LEMP recommended breed DNA test
Lhasa Apso
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Aberrant cilia
- Atopy
- Corneal ulcers
- Distichiasis
- Ectopic cilia
- Entropion (medial)
- Hip dysplasia
- Inhalant allergies
- Injection reaction
- Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
- Lack of ADH
- Lissencephaly
- Malassezia dermatitis
- Patellar luxation
- Corneal ulceration recognized breed health concern
- Urinary calculi recognized breed health concern
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Degenerataive valve disease inherited/familial basis reported
- Progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Renal cortical hupoplasia inherited/familial basis reported
- Hemophilia B — Lhasa Apso type documented familial/variant association
- Oculocutaneous albinism — small-breed type documented familial/variant association
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Congenital hypotrichosis, Inguinal hernia.
Llewellin Setter
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional J–L breed-specific predisposition was added because the authoritative sources used did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Löwchen
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Chondrodysplasia (CDPA) documented familial/variant association
- Intervertebral disc disease risk factor / chondrodystrophy (CDDY with IVDD) documented familial/variant association
M
Magyar Agar
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional M–O breed-specific predisposition was added because the referenceed authoritative sources did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Majorca Mastiff
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional M–O breed-specific predisposition was added because the referenceed authoritative sources did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Majorca Shepherd Dog
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional M–O breed-specific predisposition was added because the referenceed authoritative sources did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Maltese
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Aberrant cilia
- Hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy
- Hypoglycemia
- Patellar luxation
- Poor pigmentation
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Serum bile acids / congenital portosystemic vascular anomaly screening parent-club screening priority
- Congenital portosystemic shunt / portal microvascular dysplasia recognized breed concern
- Necrotizing meningoencephalitis / immune-mediated encephalitis recognized breed neurologic concern
- Periodontal disease toy-breed predisposition
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No condition on the legacy page has yet been classified here as a known or suspected inherited disorder.
- Glycogen storage disease Ia — G6PC-associated documented familial/variant association
- Chondrodysplasia (CDPA) documented familial/variant association
- Intervertebral disc disease risk factor / chondrodystrophy (CDDY with IVDD) documented familial/variant association
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Blindness (congenital), Cryptorchidism, Deafness, Hydrocephalus, Malocclusion of misalignment, Patent ductus arteriosus.
Manchester Terrier
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Cutaneous asthenia
- Grand mal epilepsy
- Hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy
- Legg-Perthes disease
- Secondary glaucoma; luxating lens
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Autoimmune thyroiditis / hypothyroidism parent-club screening priority
- Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease parent-club screening priority
- von Willebrand disease type 1 parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No condition on the legacy page has yet been classified here as a known or suspected inherited disorder.
- von Willebrand disease type 1 — VWF-associated recommended breed DNA test
- Juvenile dilated cardiomyopathy — Manchester Terrier type recommended breed DNA test
- Xanthinuria type II recommended breed DNA test
Maremma Sheepdog
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional M–O breed-specific predisposition was added because the referenceed authoritative sources did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Mastiff
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Bloat
- Ectropion
- Elbow dysplasia
- Vaginal hyperplasia
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Autoimmune thyroiditis / hypothyroidism parent-club screening priority
- Gastric dilatation-volvulus breed/conformation association
- Osteosarcoma breed/body-size association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No condition on the legacy page has yet been classified here as a known or suspected inherited disorder.
- Cystinuria type 3 risk variants recommended breed DNA test
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk recommended breed DNA test
- Canine multifocal retinopathy 1 recommended breed DNA test
- Progressive retinal atrophy — Bullmastiff/Mastiff type recommended breed DNA test
- Hyperuricosuria — SLC2A9-associated documented familial/variant association
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Mitral valve dysplasia, Persistent pupillary membranes, Pulmonic stenosis.
Mi-Ki
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional M–O breed-specific predisposition was added because the referenceed authoritative sources did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Miniature American Shepherd
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Neuroaxonal dystrophy — Miniature American Shepherd type recommended breed DNA test
- ABCB1 (MDR1) drug sensitivity recommended breed DNA test
- Hereditary cataract — HSF4-associated recommended breed DNA test
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd recommended breed DNA test
- Collie eye anomaly — NHEJ1-associated optional breed DNA test
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk optional breed DNA test
Miniature Bull Terrier
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Congenital sensorineural deafness parent-club screening priority
- Kidney disease / proteinuria parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Laryngeal paralysis — Miniature Bull Terrier type recommended breed DNA test
- Primary lens luxation recommended breed DNA test
- Lethal acrodermatitis — MKLN1-associated recommended breed DNA test
Miniature Pinscher
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Degenerative valve disease inherited/familial basis reported
- Progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Mucopolysaccharidosis VI — Miniature Pinscher type optional breed DNA test
- Cystinuria — Miniature Pinscher type documented familial/variant association
- Chondrodysplasia (CDPA) documented familial/variant association
- Intervertebral disc disease risk factor / chondrodystrophy (CDDY with IVDD) documented familial/variant association
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Inguinal hernia.
Miniature Schnauzer
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Atherosclerosis secondary to severe dyslipidemia/endocrine disease
- Atopy
- Aurotrichia
- Bilateral cataract
- Corneal dystrophy
- Distichiasis
- Esophageal achalasia
- Food allergy
- Acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome (AHDS)
- Hyperlipidemia
- Hypothyroidism
- Inhalant allergy
- Juvenile cataract
- Juvenile renal disease
- Legg-Perthes disease
- Megaesophagus
- Nephritis
- Pancreatitis
- Prone to cystitis and bladder stones
- Schnauzer comedo syndrome
- Sertoli cell tumor
- Sick sinus syndrome
- Sinoatrial syncope
- Spinaliomas
- Subcorneal pustular dermatosis
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Primary hypertriglyceridemia strong breed association
- Gallbladder mucocele breed association linked in part to hyperlipidemia
- Calcium oxalate urolithiasis recognized breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Degenerative valve disease inherited/familial basis reported
- Muscular dystrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Von Willebrand's disease established/recognized inherited basis
- Mycobacterium avium complex susceptibility — breed-associated genetic risk optional breed DNA test
- Myotonia congenita — Schnauzer type optional breed DNA test
- Progressive retinal atrophy type B — HIVEP3-associated optional breed DNA test
- Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome documented familial/variant association
- Mucopolysaccharidosis VI — Miniature Schnauzer type documented familial/variant association
- Spondylocostal dysostosis documented familial/variant association
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease / hereditary neuropathy documented familial/variant association
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Atresia of lacrimal drainage apparatus, Cryptorchidism, Microphthalmia, Patent ductus arteriosus, Persistent pupillary membrane, Portosystemic shunts, Pseudohermaphroditism, Pulmonic stenosis.
Montenegrin Mountain Hound
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional M–O breed-specific predisposition was added because the referenceed authoritative sources did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Mountain Cur
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional M–O breed-specific predisposition was added because the referenceed authoritative sources did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Mountain Feist
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional M–O breed-specific predisposition was added because the referenceed authoritative sources did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Mudi
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- ABCB1 (MDR1) drug sensitivity optional breed DNA test
Multi-Colored Poodle
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional M–O breed-specific predisposition was added because the referenceed authoritative sources did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Multi-Colored Standard Poodle
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional M–O breed-specific predisposition was added because the referenceed authoritative sources did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
N
Neapolitan Mastiff
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Nederlandse Kooikerhondje
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- von Willebrand disease type III — Kooikerhondje type recommended breed DNA test
- Hereditary necrotizing myelopathy (ENM) recommended breed DNA test
Newfoundland
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Avulsion fractures
- Bloat
- Dilated cardiomyopathy (reported breed association; inheritance not well defined)
- Dermoid cyst of the cornea
- Ectropion
- Elbow dysplasia
- Entropion
- Eversion of cartilage of the third eyelid
- Folliculitis and furunculosis, bacterial
- Hip dysplasia
- Hot spots
- Kinked tails
- Megaesophagus
- Mitral valve stenosis
- Pemphigus foliaceus
- Pyotraumatic dermatitis
- Ununited anconeal process
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Subaortic stenosis strong inherited breed association
- Gastric dilatation-volvulus breed/conformation association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No condition on the legacy page has yet been classified here as a known or suspected inherited disorder.
- Cystinuria — SLC3A1-associated Newfoundland type recommended breed DNA test
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk documented familial/variant association
- Thrombopathia — Newfoundland type documented familial/variant association
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Atrial septal defect, Ectopic ureter, Mitral valve dysplasia, Patent ductus arteriosus, Pulmonic stenosis, Subvalvular aortic stenosis, Ventricular septal defect.
Norfolk Terrier
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis optional breed DNA test
- Congenital macrothrombocytopenia — Cairn/Norfolk Terrier type documented familial/variant association
- Primary lens luxation documented familial/variant association
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk documented familial/variant association
Norrbottenspetz
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional M–O breed-specific predisposition was added because the referenceed authoritative sources did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Norwegian Buhund
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Hereditary ataxia — Norwegian Buhund type documented familial/variant association
Norwegian Elkhound
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Cataracts
- Distichiasis
- Glaucoma (Primary open-angle glaucoma)
- Keratoacanthoma
- Seborrhea
- Subcutaneous cysts
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Generalized progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Progressive retinal degeneration type I (rod dysplasia) established/recognized inherited basis
- Renal Cortical hypoplasia inherited/familial basis reported
- Chondrodysplasia — Karelian Bear Dog/Norwegian Elkhound type documented familial/variant association
- Early retinal degeneration documented familial/variant association
- Primary open-angle glaucoma — Norwegian Elkhound type documented familial/variant association
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd documented familial/variant association
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Renal Cortical hypoplasia.
Norwegian Lundehund
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Protein-losing enteropathy
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Protein-losing enteropathy / intestinal lymphangiectasia (Lundehund syndrome) strong breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No condition on the legacy page has yet been classified here as a known or suspected inherited disorder.
- Lundehund syndrome / protein-losing enteropathy susceptibility documented familial/variant association
Norwich Terrier
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Summer eczema
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No condition on the legacy page has yet been classified here as a known or suspected inherited disorder.
- Diffuse cystic renal dysplasia and hepatic fibrosis documented familial/variant association
- Primary lens luxation documented familial/variant association
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk documented familial/variant association
Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Immune-mediated disease / autoimmune predisposition recognized breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd recommended breed DNA test
- Cleft palate and syndactyly — CP1/CLPS recommended breed DNA test
- Juvenile Addison's disease — JADD-associated risk recommended breed DNA test
- Buff coat-color associated health test recommended breed DNA test
- Collie eye anomaly — NHEJ1-associated documented familial/variant association
O
Old Danish Pointing Dog
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Congenital myasthenic syndrome — Old Danish Pointer type documented familial/variant association
Old English Sheepdog
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Atopy
- Bilateral cataract
- Bloat
- Demodicosis
- Dilated cardiomyopathy
- Distichiasis
- Elongated tongue
- Entropion
- Immune mediated hemolytic anemia
- Juvenile cataracts
- Mitochondrial myopathy (historical breed report; specific diagnosis requires confirmation)
- Pedal furunculosis, bacterial
- Persistent atrial standstill
- Retinal detachment
- Tricuspid valve disease
- Wobbler's syndrome
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Autoimmune thyroiditis / hypothyroidism parent-club screening priority
- Gastric dilatation-volvulus breed/conformation association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Hip dysplasia inherited/familial basis reported
- Progressive retinal degeneration established/recognized inherited basis
- Exercise-induced collapse — DNM1-associated recommended breed DNA test
- ABCB1 (MDR1) drug sensitivity optional breed DNA test
- Cerebellar degeneration / hereditary ataxia optional breed DNA test
- Primary ciliary dyskinesia — Old English Sheepdog type optional breed DNA test
- Acral mutilation syndrome documented familial/variant association
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Cataract (congenital).
Olde English Bulldogge
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional M–O breed-specific predisposition was added because the referenceed authoritative sources did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Otterhound
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Idiopathic epilepsy recognized breed concern under active health surveillance
- Elbow dysplasia
- Platelet disorder
- Sebaceous cysts
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Glanzmann thrombasthenia — Otterhound type recommended breed DNA test
- Hip dysplasia (severe) inherited/familial basis reported
Owczarek Podhalanski
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional M–O breed-specific predisposition was added because the referenceed authoritative sources did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
P
Papillon
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Entropion
- Patellar luxation
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No condition on the legacy page has yet been classified here as a known or suspected inherited disorder.
- Neuroaxonal dystrophy — PLA2G6-associated documented familial/variant association
- Progressive retinal atrophy — CNGB1-associated documented familial/variant association
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Anasarca, Deafness.
Parson Russell Terrier
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- BAER hearing evaluation parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Primary lens luxation parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Primary lens luxation optional breed DNA test
- Late-onset ataxia — CAPN1-related optional breed DNA test
- Spinocerebellar ataxia — KCNJ10-related terrier type optional breed DNA test
- Congenital myasthenic syndrome — terrier type variant/test identified in breed
- Early-onset epilepsy — Parson Russell Terrier type variant/test identified in breed
Patterdale Terrier
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional P–R breed-specific predisposition was added because the referenceed authoritative sources did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Pekingese
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) conformation-associated risk
- Brachycephalic ocular surface disease / corneal ulceration conformation-associated risk
- Intervertebral disc disease strong breed/chondrodystrophy association
- Atypical pannus
- Cheyletiellosis
- Corneal ulceration
- Distichiasis
- Dystocia
- Ectopic cilia
- Elongated soft palate
- Hairy caruncle
- Intervertebral disc disease
- Juvenile cataract
- More prone to urolith formation
- Nasal fold trichiasis
- Persistent penile frenulum
- Pigmentary keratitis
- "Swimmers"
- Trichiasis
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Chondrodysplasia (CDPA) documented familial/variant association
- Intervertebral disc disease risk factor / chondrodystrophy (CDDY with IVDD) documented familial/variant association
- Oculocutaneous albinism — small-breed type documented familial/variant association
- Degenerative valve disease inherited/familial basis reported
- Progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
Pembroke Welsh Corgi
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Cervical disc disease
- Cutaneous asthenia
- Dermoid cyst
- Epilepsy
- Hip dysplasia
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Intervertebral disc disease breed/chondrodystrophy association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Cystinuria established/recognized inherited basis
- Generalized progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Von Willebrand's disease established/recognized inherited basis
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk documented familial/variant association
- Degenerative myelopathy early-onset risk modifier — Pembroke Welsh Corgi type documented familial/variant association
- Exercise-induced collapse — DNM1-associated documented familial/variant association
- Intervertebral disc disease risk factor / chondrodystrophy (CDDY with IVDD) documented familial/variant association
- Duchenne muscular dystrophy — Pembroke Welsh Corgi type documented familial/variant association
- Progressive retinal atrophy — rcd3 documented familial/variant association
- X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency — Corgi type documented familial/variant association
- von Willebrand disease type 1 documented familial/variant association
Perdiguero de Burgos
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional P–R breed-specific predisposition was added because the referenceed authoritative sources did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Perro De Presa Canario
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional P–R breed-specific predisposition was added because the referenceed authoritative sources did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Peruvian Inca Orchid
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional P–R breed-specific predisposition was added because the referenceed authoritative sources did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Gastrointestinal disorders
- Aseptic Meningitis
- Autoimmune Disorders
- Cushing's Disease
- Elbow Dysplasia
- Hip dysplasia
- Glaucoma
- Idiopathic Epilepsy
- Luxating Patellas
- Thyroid Dysfunction (hypothyroidism most commonly seen)
- Lymphocytic-plasmocytic gastritis
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Primary open-angle glaucoma parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No condition on the legacy page has yet been classified here as a known or suspected inherited disorder.
- Primary open-angle glaucoma — PBGV type recommended breed DNA test
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Inguinal Hernias, Malocclusion, Patent Ductus Arteriosus, Persistent Pupillary Membranes, Retinal Dysplasia, Umbilical Hernias.
Petit Bleu De Gascogne
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional P–R breed-specific predisposition was added because the referenceed authoritative sources did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Petit Gascon-Saintongeois
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional P–R breed-specific predisposition was added because the referenceed authoritative sources did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Pharaoh Hound
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk documented familial/variant association
Plott Hound
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Mucopolysaccharidosis I — Plott Hound type documented familial/variant association
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk documented familial/variant association
Podenco Canario
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional P–R breed-specific predisposition was added because the referenceed authoritative sources did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Pointer
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Acral mutilation
- Bilateral cataract
- Bithoracic ectromelia
- Calcinosis circumscripta
- Callouses
- Colonic disease
- Demodicosis
- Epilepsy
- Entropion
- Eosinophilic Panostitis
- Esophageal sarcoma
- Follicular dysplasia (flank)
- Hepatic angiosarcoma
- Hip dysplasia
- Sensory neuropathy
- Autoimmune thyroiditis / hypothyroidism parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Hereditary lupoid dermatosis inherited/familial basis reported
- Inherited dwarfism inherited/familial basis reported
- Neurotropic osteopathy inherited/familial basis reported
- Progressive retinal degeneration established/recognized inherited basis
- Progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Acral mutilation syndrome documented familial/variant association
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk documented familial/variant association
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Cleft palate, Deafness, Inherited dwarfism, Umbilical hernia.
Poitevin
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional P–R breed-specific predisposition was added because the referenceed authoritative sources did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Polish Hound
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional P–R breed-specific predisposition was added because the referenceed authoritative sources did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Polish Lowland Sheepdog
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Progressive retinal atrophy — rcd4 documented familial/variant association
Pomeranian
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Adrenal sex hormone abnormalities
- Dislocation of the shoulder
- Distichiasis
- Elephant skin
- Epiphora
- Glycogen storage disease
- Hypersomatotropism
- Patella luxation
- Open fontanelles
- Sick sinus syndrome
- Tracheal collapse
- Trichiasis
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Degenerative valve disease inherited/familial basis reported
- Progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Congenital methemoglobinemia documented familial/variant association
- Gallbladder mucocele genetic risk marker documented familial/variant association
- Hyperuricosuria — SLC2A9-associated documented familial/variant association
- Oculocutaneous albinism — small-breed type documented familial/variant association
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd documented familial/variant association
- Progressive retinal atrophy — rcd3 documented familial/variant association
- von Willebrand disease type 1 documented familial/variant association
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk documented familial/variant association
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Atresia of lacrimal puncta, Cryptorchidism, Dwarfism and dystocia, Hypoplasia of dens (Odontoid process), Nasolacrimal puncta atresia, Patent ductus arteriosus.
Poodle — Toy and Miniature varieties
Breed/variety coverage: Poodle — Toy and Miniature varieties
Breed Predispositions
- Adult onset Growth Hormone deficiency
- Amaurotic idiocy
- Atopic dermatitis
- Atypical pannus
- Behavioral abnormalities
- Cerebrospinal demyelination
- Chronic superficial keratitis
- Corneal dystrophy
- Corneal erosion, superficial
- Cushing's syndrome
- Distichiasis
- Ear infections
- Ectodermal defects
- Entropion
- Epilepsy
- Epiphora
- Epiphyseal dysplasia
- Glaucoma (primary narrow-angle)
- Hairlessness
- Heart valve incompetence
- Hemeralopia
- Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis
- Hyposomatotropism
- Hypospadia
- Hypothyroidism
- Injection reactions
- Iridal atrophy
- Juvenile cataracts
- Legg-Perthes disease
- Lens-induced uveitis
- Narcolepsy
- Neoplasia
- Nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia
- Optic nerve hypoplasia
- Otitis externa
- Overly long hairs on the eyelid skin and cilia (upper lashes)
- Patellar luxation
- Persistent penile frenulum
- Retinal atrophy
- Retinal detachment
- Robertsonian translocation
- Sialocele
- Superficial corneal erosion
- Hip dysplasia — Miniature parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd parent-club screening priority
- Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease recognized small-Poodle predisposition
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Cystinuria established/recognized inherited basis
- Degenerative valve disease inherited/familial basis reported
- Hemophilia A, Factor VIII or AHF deficiency established/recognized inherited basis
- Intervetebral disc degeneration inherited/familial basis reported
- Osteogenesis Imperfecta inherited/familial basis reported
- Progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Progressive rod-cone degeneration inherited/familial basis reported
- Pyruvate Kinase deficiency established/recognized inherited basis
- Renal dysplasia (genetic basis) inherited/familial basis reported
- Von Willebrand's disease established/recognized inherited basis
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd recommended breed DNA test
- Progressive retinal atrophy — rcd4 documented familial/variant association
- von Willebrand disease type 1 documented familial/variant association
- GM2 gangliosidosis — Poodle type documented familial/variant association
- Hereditary cataract — breed-associated forms documented familial/variant association
- Chondrodysplasia (CDPA) documented familial/variant association
- Intervertebral disc disease risk factor / chondrodystrophy (CDDY with IVDD) documented familial/variant association
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Achondroplasia, Atresia of lacrimal puncta and nasolacrimal duct, Cryptorchidism, Congenital deafness, Ectopic ureters, Hypoplasia or aplasia of optic nerve, Lacrimal duct atresia, Microphthalmia, Missing teeth, Patent ductus arteriosus, Pseudohermaphroditism, Renal dysplasia (genetic basis), Ventricular septal defect.
Poodle — Standard variety
Breed/variety coverage: Poodle — Standard variety
Breed Predispositions
- Adult onset Growth hormone deficiency
- Alopecia (dilute colors)
- Atopic dermatitis
- Atypical pannus
- Behavioral abnormalities
- Bloat
- Cataract
- Distichiasis
- Entropion
- Epilepsy
- Epiphora
- Hip dysplasia
- Hypothyroidism
- Iris atrophy
- Juvenile cataract
- Lobular dissecting hepatitis
- Malignant neoplasm
- Sebaceous adenitis
- Squamous cell carcinoma -- Black Standard Poodles
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Autoimmune thyroiditis / hypothyroidism parent-club screening priority
- Hypoadrenocorticism (Addison's disease) strong familial/breed association
- Gastric dilatation-volvulus breed/conformation association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Addison's Disease -- simple recessive inherited/familial basis reported
- Hemophilia A, Factor VIII or AHF deficiency established/recognized inherited basis
- Juvenile Renal disease -- recessive inherited/familial basis reported
- Osteogenesis imperfecta inherited/familial basis reported
- Progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Von Willebrand's disease established/recognized inherited basis
- Neonatal encephalopathy with seizures — ATF2-associated recommended breed DNA test
- von Willebrand disease type 1 recommended breed DNA test
- Progressive retinal atrophy — rcd4 documented familial/variant association
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk documented familial/variant association
- Ehlers-Danlos syndrome — Poodle type documented familial/variant association
- GM2 gangliosidosis — Poodle type documented familial/variant association
- Hereditary cataract — breed-associated forms documented familial/variant association
- Multidrug resistance 1 — ABCB1-associated drug sensitivity documented familial/variant association
- Osteochondrodysplasia — Poodle type documented familial/variant association
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Atrial septal defect, Lacrimal duct atresia, Microphthalmia, Patent Ductus Arteriosus, Ventricular septal defect.
Porcelaine
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional P–R breed-specific predisposition was added because the referenceed authoritative sources did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Portuguese Podengo
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition was identified in the authoritative veterinary, breed-health, and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk documented familial/variant association
- Primary lens luxation documented familial/variant association
Portuguese Podengo Pequeno
Registry coverage: AKC
Breed Predispositions
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk documented familial/variant association
- Primary lens luxation documented familial/variant association
- Progressive retinal atrophy — crd4 documented familial/variant association
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd documented familial/variant association
Portuguese Pointer
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional P–R breed-specific predisposition was added because the referenceed authoritative sources did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Portuguese Sheepdog
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional P–R breed-specific predisposition was added because the referenceed authoritative sources did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Portuguese Water Dog
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Hypoadrenocorticism (Addison's disease) recognized breed association
- Addison's disease
- Cardiomyopathy
- Follicular dysplasia
- Gangliosidosis or G.M.I
- Hip dysplasia
- Puppy eye syndrome
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- GM1 gangliosidosis — GLB1-associated recommended breed DNA test
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd recommended breed DNA test
- Early-onset progressive retinal atrophy — Portuguese Water Dog type recommended breed DNA test
- Juvenile dilated cardiomyopathy — Portuguese Water Dog type recommended breed DNA test
- Microphthalmia syndrome — DNAJC21-associated recommended breed DNA test
- Improper coat locus optional breed DNA test
- Inherited juvenile dilated cardiomyopathy inherited/familial basis reported
- Progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
Posavac Hound
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional P–R breed-specific predisposition was added because the referenceed authoritative sources did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Pudelpointer
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional P–R breed-specific predisposition was added because the referenceed authoritative sources did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Pug
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Atopy
- Atrioventricular block
- Atypical pannus formation
- Corneal dystrophy
- Delayed heat prostration
- Demodectic mange
- Distichiasis
- Elongated soft palate
- Encephalitis
- Entropion
- Hairy caruncle
- Hypotrichosis
- Intertrigo
- Legg-Perthes disease
- Medial luxating patella
- Obesity
- Pigmentary keratitis
- Pinched nostril
- Trichiasis
- Urolithiasis
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Pug Dog Encephalitis / necrotizing meningoencephalitis risk test parent-club screening priority
- Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) strong conformation-associated risk
- Brachycephalic ocular surface disease / corneal ulceration strong conformation-associated risk
- Hemivertebra / congenital vertebral malformation recognized breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Cleft palate and lips inherited/familial basis reported
- Necrotizing meningoencephalitis / Pug Dog Encephalitis risk haplotype recommended breed DNA test
- Pyruvate kinase deficiency — Pug type optional breed DNA test
- May-Hegglin anomaly documented familial/variant association
- von Willebrand disease type 1 documented familial/variant association
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk documented familial/variant association
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Cleft palate and lips, Male pseudohermaphroditism.
Puli
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia
- Temperament problems
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No condition on the legacy page has yet been classified here as a known or suspected inherited disorder.
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk recommended breed DNA test
- Primary lens luxation documented familial/variant association
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Deafness.
Pumi
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk recommended breed DNA test
- Primary lens luxation recommended breed DNA test
- Progressive retinal atrophy — crd4 documented familial/variant association
Pyrenean Mastiff
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk recommended breed DNA test
Pyrenean Shepherd
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Chondrodysplasia (CDPA) documented familial/variant association
- Intervertebral disc disease risk factor / chondrodystrophy (CDDY with IVDD) documented familial/variant association
R
Rat Terrier
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Primary lens luxation recommended breed DNA test
- Congenital hypothyroidism with goiter — terrier type documented familial/variant association
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk documented familial/variant association
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd documented familial/variant association
Redbone Coonhound
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No condition on the legacy page has yet been classified here as a known or suspected inherited disorder.
- Coagulation factor VII deficiency documented familial/variant association
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk documented familial/variant association
Rhodesian Ridgeback
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Cervical vertebral deformity
- Dermoid sinus
- Hypothyroidism; lumbosacral transitional vertebrae
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Autoimmune thyroiditis / hypothyroidism parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Hip dysplasia inherited/familial basis reported
- Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy — DIRAS1-associated optional breed DNA test
- Early-onset adult deafness — Rhodesian Ridgeback type optional breed DNA test
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk optional breed DNA test
- Hemophilia A — Rhodesian Ridgeback type documented familial/variant association
- Hemophilia B — Rhodesian Ridgeback type documented familial/variant association
- Ridge/dermoid sinus susceptibility locus — FGF region duplication documented familial/variant association
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Congenital deafness.
Romanian Carpathian Shepherd Dog
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional P–R breed-specific predisposition was added because the referenceed authoritative sources did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional P–R breed-specific predisposition was added because the referenceed authoritative sources did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Rottweiler
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Arthrosis of the elbow joint
- Diabetes mellitus
- Dilated cardiomyopathy
- Ectropion
- Elbow dysplasia
- Enlarged orbit
- Entropion
- Folliculitis and furunculosis, bacterial
- Gastric eosinophilis granuloma
- Idiopathic vasculitis
- Lack of traction at the lateral canthus
- Leukoencephalomalacia
- Neuroaxonal dystrophy
- Osteochondrosis
- Oversized palpebral fissure
- Vitiligo
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Juvenile laryngeal paralysis and polyneuropathy parent-club screening priority
- Osteosarcoma strong breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Hip dysplasia inherited/familial basis reported
- Kidney failure (familial) inherited/familial basis reported
- Muscular dystrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Juvenile laryngeal paralysis and polyneuropathy — RAB3GAP1-associated recommended breed DNA test
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk documented familial/variant association
- Hereditary footpad hyperkeratosis — Rottweiler type documented familial/variant association
- Leukoencephalomyelopathy — Rottweiler type documented familial/variant association
- Myotubular myopathy 1 — Rottweiler type documented familial/variant association
- Neuroaxonal dystrophy — Rottweiler type documented familial/variant association
- Nonsyndromic hearing loss — Rottweiler type documented familial/variant association
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Congenital deafness, Retinal dysplasia, Subvalvular aortic stenosis.
Russell Terrier
Registry coverage: AKC
Breed Predispositions
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- BAER hearing evaluation parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Primary lens luxation parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Primary lens luxation recommended breed DNA test
- Congenital myasthenic syndrome — Jack Russell Terrier type documented familial/variant association
- Craniomandibular osteopathy documented familial/variant association
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk documented familial/variant association
- Hyperuricosuria — SLC2A9-associated documented familial/variant association
- Ichthyosis — Jack Russell Terrier type documented familial/variant association
- Late-onset ataxia — CAPN1-associated documented familial/variant association
Russian-European Laika
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional P–R breed-specific predisposition was added because the referenceed authoritative sources did not provide sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Russian Toy
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No established breed-specific inherited disorder was identified in the authoritative veterinary and genetic sources searched for this reference.
Russian Tsvetnaya Bolonka
Registry coverage: AKC
Breed Predispositions
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Progressive retinal atrophy screening parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Chondrodysplasia (CDPA) documented familial/variant association
- Intervertebral disc disease risk factor / chondrodystrophy (CDDY with IVDD) documented familial/variant association
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd documented familial/variant association
S
Saarloos Wolfdog
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition is currently listed because sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence was not identified in the authoritative sources used for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Saint Bernard
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Gastric dilatation-volvulus breed/conformation association
- Osteosarcoma breed/body-size association
- Acral lick granuloma
- Acromegaly
- Cardiomyopathy
- Dermoid cysts of cornea
- Diabetes mellitus
- Dilated cardiomyopathy
- Distichiasis
- Ectropion
- Elbow dysplasia
- Entropion
- Epilepsy
- Epithelial lined cysts of anterior pituitary
- Eversion of nictitating membrane
- Folliculitis and furunculosis, bacterial
- Gastric torsion
- Genu valgum
- Hepato arteriovenous fistula
- Hypertrophic osteopathy
- Hygroma
- Lip fold pyoderma
- Lymphoma
- Metabolic bone disease
- Osteochondrosis dissecans
- Osteosarcoma
- Oversized palpebral fissure
- Pyotraumatic dermatitis (hot spots)
- Redundant facial skin
- Retained cartilage of distal ulna
- Spleen torsion
- Stockard's paralysis
- Uveodermatologic syndrome
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk recommended breed DNA test
- Laryngeal paralysis and polyneuropathy — Leonberger type 3 variant/test identified in breed
- Polyneuropathy — Leonberger type 1 variant/test identified in breed
- Factor I deficiency, fibrinogen deficiency, afibrogenemia, hypo-fibrinogenemia inherited/familial basis reported
- Hemophilia A, Factor VIII or AHF deficiency established/recognized inherited basis
- Hemophilia B, Factor IX deficiency established/recognized inherited basis
- Hip dysplasia inherited/familial basis reported
- Idiopathic degenerative joint disease inherited/familial basis reported
Saluki
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Black hair follicle dysplasia
- Glaucoma
- Progressive retinal degeneration
- Retinal detachment
- Anesthetic drug sensitivity considerations in sighthounds
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Persistent pupillary membrane.
Samoyed
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Diabetes mellitus
- Dysplasia of pectinate ligaments
- Glaucoma
- Growth hormone responsive dermatitis
- Retinal detachment
- Sebaceous cysts
- Uveodermatologic syndrome
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Uveodermatologic syndrome recognized breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Hemophilia A, Factor VIII or AHF deficiency established/recognized inherited basis
- Hereditary nephritis inherited/familial basis reported
- Hip dysplasia inherited/familial basis reported
- Muscular dystrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Progressive retinal degeneration established/recognized inherited basis
- Progressive retinal atrophy — X-linked 1 (XLPRA1) recommended breed DNA test
- Retinal dysplasia / oculoskeletal dysplasia 2 recommended breed DNA test
- Hereditary nephritis — Samoyed type, COL4A5-associated variant/test identified in breed
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Atrial septal defects, Dwarfism, Persistent pupillary membrane, Pulmonic stenosis, Subaortic stenosis.
Sarplaninac
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition is currently listed because sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence was not identified in the authoritative sources used for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Schapendoes
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition is currently listed because sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence was not identified in the authoritative sources used for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Schiller Hound
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition is currently listed because sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence was not identified in the authoritative sources used for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Schipperke
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Dermatitis
- Entropion
- Hay fever /asthma
- Hypothyroidism
- Legg-Perthes disease
- Narrow palpebral fissure
- Pemphigus foliaceus
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IIIB -- Test available through the University of Pennsylvania established/recognized inherited basis
- Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB — NAGLU-associated optional breed DNA test
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd variant/test identified in breed
Scottish Deerhound
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Gastric torsion
- Osteochondrosis dissecans
- Torsion of the lung
- Torsion of the spleen
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Coagulation / bleeding risk evaluation parent-club screening priority
- Dilated cardiomyopathy strong breed association
- Osteosarcoma strong breed association
- Gastric dilatation-volvulus breed/conformation association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Dilated Cardiomyopathy -- genetic basis not established inherited/familial basis reported
- Osteosarcoma strong breed association; inheritance complex
- Porto systemic liver shunt -- genetic basis not established inherited/familial basis reported
- Coagulation factor VII deficiency recommended breed DNA test
- Delayed postoperative hemorrhage (DEPOH) recommended breed DNA test
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Porto systemic liver shunt -- genetic basis not established.
Scottish Terrier
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Alexander's disease
- Atopic dermatitis
- Bladder cancer
- Canine lymphoma
- Chronic hepatitis
- Craniomandibular osteopathy
- Ear hematoma
- Elbow dysplasia
- Folliculitis and furunculosis, bacterial
- Histiocytoma
- Intervertebral disc disease
- Luxation of the lens
- Melanoma
- Primary uterine inertia
- Pyogranulomatous and vasculitic disorder of nasal planum
- Pyometra
- Splayleg
- Thyroid problem
- Urinary calculi
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- von Willebrand disease parent-club screening priority
- Urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder strong breed association
- Hepatocellular / chronic hepatopathy predisposition recognized breed association
- Scottie cramp well-established familial neurologic syndrome
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Cystinuria established/recognized inherited basis
- Hereditary nasal pyogranuloma and vasculitis inherited/familial basis reported
- Scottie cramp inherited/familial basis reported
- Von Willebrand's disease, pseudohemophilia, vascular hemophilia established/recognized inherited basis
- Craniomandibular osteopathy recommended breed DNA test
- von Willebrand disease type III — Scottish Terrier type recommended breed DNA test
- Ligneous membranitis variant/test identified in breed
- Chondrodysplasia (CDPA) variant/test identified in breed
- Intervertebral disc disease risk factor / chondrodystrophy (CDDY with IVDD) variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Achondroplasia, Deafness, Pulmonic stenosis.
Sealyham Terrier
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Atopic dermatitis
- Cataract
- Lens luxation
- Secondary glaucoma
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Primary lens luxation parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Retinal dysplasia inherited/familial basis reported
- Primary lens luxation recommended breed DNA test
- Coagulation factor VII deficiency variant/test identified in breed
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
- Chondrodysplasia (CDPA) variant/test identified in breed
- Intervertebral disc disease risk factor / chondrodystrophy (CDDY with IVDD) variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Atresia of the nasolacrimal duct, Deafness, Retinal dysplasia.
Serbian Hound
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition is currently listed because sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence was not identified in the authoritative sources used for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Serbian Tricolor Hound
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition is currently listed because sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence was not identified in the authoritative sources used for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Shar-Pei
See Chinese Shar-Pei for the current breed-health and inherited-disease review.
Shetland Sheepdog
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Bladder cancer
- Corneal dystrophy
- Dermatomyositis
- Discoid lupus erythematosus
- Distichiasis
- Ectopic cilia
- Epidermolysis bullosa
- Folliculitis, bacterial
- Heterochromia iridis
- Hypothyroidism
- Idiopathic ulcerative dermatosis
- Persistent pupillary membrane
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Ulcer conditions of apocrine glands
- Uveodermatologic syndrome
- Yeast dermatitis
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Gallbladder mucocele recognized breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Bilateral renal agenesis inherited/familial basis reported
- Cataract inherited/familial basis reported
- Central progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Choroidal hypoplasia established/recognized inherited basis
- Collie eye anomaly established/recognized inherited basis
- Degenerative valve disease inherited/familial basis reported
- Ectasia syndrome inherited/familial basis reported
- Familial dermatitis inherited/familial basis reported
- Hemophilia A, Factor VIII or AHF deficiency established/recognized inherited basis
- Hip dysplasia inherited/familial basis reported
- Muscular dystrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Nasal solar dermatitis inherited/familial basis reported
- Von Willebrand's disease established/recognized inherited basis
- Collie eye anomaly — NHEJ1-associated optional breed DNA test
- ABCB1 (MDR1) drug sensitivity optional breed DNA test
- von Willebrand disease type III — Shetland Sheepdog type optional breed DNA test
- Dermatomyositis risk loci A/B/C optional breed DNA test
- Gallbladder mucocele risk marker variant/test identified in breed
- Progressive retinal atrophy — Shetland Sheepdog type variant/test identified in breed
- Syndromic retinal degeneration — Shetland Sheepdog type variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Achondroplasia, Collie eye anomaly, Coloboma, Deafness, Patent ductus arteriosus.
Shiba Inu
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Luxated patellas
- Reflex regurgitation
- Uveodermatologic syndrome
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Uveodermatologic syndrome recognized breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No condition on the legacy page has yet been classified here as a known or suspected inherited disorder.
- GM1 gangliosidosis — GLB1-associated Shiba Inu type variant/test identified in breed
- GM2 gangliosidosis — Shiba Inu type variant/test identified in breed
Shih Tzu
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Atopy
- Chronic keratitis
- Corneal ulcers
- Dermoids
- Entropion
- Hypospadia
- Hypertrophic pyloric gastrophy
- Inhalant allergies
- Renal-cortical hypoplasia
- Retinal detachment
- Trichiasis
- Vitreous syneresis
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Brachycephalic ocular surface disease / corneal ulceration conformation-associated risk
- Intervertebral disc disease breed/chondrodystrophy association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Clefts of lip and palate inherited/familial basis reported
- Degenerative valve disease inherited/familial basis reported
- Progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Von Willebrand's disease established/recognized inherited basis
- Chondrodysplasia (CDPA) variant/test identified in breed
- Intervertebral disc disease risk factor / chondrodystrophy (CDDY with IVDD) variant/test identified in breed
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
- Prekallikrein deficiency variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Achondroplasia, Clefts of lip and palate, Renal dysplasia, Ventricular septal defect.
Shikoku
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition is currently listed because sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence was not identified in the authoritative sources used for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Siberian Husky
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Cataracts
- Corneal dystrophy
- Discoid lupus erythematosus
- Distichiasis
- Eosinophilic granuloma
- Epilepsy
- Follicular dysplasia
- Heterochromia iridis
- Hip dysplasia
- Hypogonadism in intact male
- Idiopathic onychodystrophy
- Lipidosis
- Oral eosinophilic granuloma
- Uveitis
- Zinc responsive dermatosis
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Uveodermatologic syndrome recognized breed association
- Zinc-responsive dermatosis strong breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Hemophilia A established/recognized inherited basis
- Progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Von Willebrand's disease, pseudohemophilia, vascular hemophilia established/recognized inherited basis
- Shaking puppy syndrome type 1 recommended breed DNA test
- Siberian Husky polyneuropathy type 1 recommended breed DNA test
- Progressive retinal atrophy — X-linked 1 (Husky type) variant/test identified in breed
- Cone degeneration variant/test identified in breed
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Congenital laryngeal paralysis, Ectopic ureter, Persistent pupillary membrane, Ventricular septal defect.
Silken Windhound
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition is currently listed because sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence was not identified in the authoritative sources used for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Silky Terrier
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No condition on the legacy page has yet been classified here as a known or suspected inherited disorder.
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd variant/test identified in breed
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Congenital cardiovascular abnromalities, Cryptorchidism, Hydrocephalus, Odontoid process dysplasia.
Skye Terrier
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Allergies
- Copper-associated hepatopathy
- Enlarged foramen magnum
- Hypoplasia of the larynx
- Juvenile limp
- Megaesophagus
- Premature closure of the distal radius
- Skye hepatitis
- Ulcerative colitis
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Copper-associated hepatopathy / chronic hepatitis recognized breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Autosomal thyroid disease inherited/familial basis reported
- Craniomandibular osteopathy variant/test identified in breed
- Chondrodysplasia (CDPA) variant/test identified in breed
- Intervertebral disc disease risk factor / chondrodystrophy (CDDY with IVDD) variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Congenital kink tail.
Sloughi
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Progressive retinal atrophy — rcd1a (Sloughi type) recommended breed DNA test
Slovac Cuvac
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition is currently listed because sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence was not identified in the authoritative sources used for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Slovakian Wirehaired Pointer
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition is currently listed because sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence was not identified in the authoritative sources used for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Smaland Hound
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition is currently listed because sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence was not identified in the authoritative sources used for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Small Munsterlander
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition is currently listed because sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence was not identified in the authoritative sources used for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Small Swiss Hound
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition is currently listed because sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence was not identified in the authoritative sources used for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Smooth Fox Terrier
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Primary lens luxation variant/test identified in breed
- Congenital hypothyroidism with goiter — terrier type variant/test identified in breed
- Spinocerebellar ataxia — terrier type variant/test identified in breed
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
Soft-Coated Wheaten Terrier
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Cataracts
- Dermatitis
- Heart disease
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Renal protein loss screening parent-club screening priority
- Protein-losing enteropathy strong breed/familial association
- Protein-losing nephropathy strong breed/familial association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Hereditary neuropathy inherited/familial basis reported
- Progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Protein-losing nephropathy risk haplotype / variants recommended breed DNA test
- Adult paroxysmal dyskinesia — Soft-Coated Wheaten Terrier type variant/test identified in breed
- Microphthalmia — Soft-Coated Wheaten Terrier type variant/test identified in breed
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Renal dysplasia.
South Russian Shepherd Dog
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition is currently listed because sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence was not identified in the authoritative sources used for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Spanish Greyhound
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition is currently listed because sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence was not identified in the authoritative sources used for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Spanish Hound
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition is currently listed because sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence was not identified in the authoritative sources used for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Spanish Mastiff
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition is currently listed because sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence was not identified in the authoritative sources used for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Spanish Water Dog
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Neuroaxonal dystrophy — Spanish Water Dog type variant/test identified in breed
- Progressive retinal atrophy — early-onset Spanish Water Dog type variant/test identified in breed
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd variant/test identified in breed
- Hyperuricosuria variant/test identified in breed
- Chondrodysplasia (CDPA) variant/test identified in breed
- Intervertebral disc disease risk factor / chondrodystrophy (CDDY with IVDD) variant/test identified in breed
Spinone Italiano
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia
- Thyroid imbalance
- Vaginal prolapse
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Idiopathic epilepsy recognized breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No condition on the legacy page has yet been classified here as a known or suspected inherited disorder.
Sporting Lucas Terrier
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition is currently listed because sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence was not identified in the authoritative sources used for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Stabyhoun
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition is currently listed because sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence was not identified in the authoritative sources used for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Staffordshire Bull Terrier
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Bilateral cataract
- Juvenile cataract
- Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV)
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Hereditary cataract established inherited disease
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Clefts of lip and palate inherited/familial basis reported
- Hereditary cataract — HSF4-associated recommended breed DNA test
- L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria — L2HGDH-associated recommended breed DNA test
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Clefts of lip and palate.
Standard Schnauzer
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Benign fatty tumors
- Cataract
- Conjunctivitis
- Follicular dermatitis
- Hip dysplasia
- Hypothyroidism
- Narrow palpebral fissure
- Perianal adenomas
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Hemophilia A, Factor VIII or AHF deficiency established/recognized inherited basis
- Dilated cardiomyopathy — Schnauzer type recommended breed DNA test
- Myotonia congenita — Schnauzer type variant/test identified in breed
- Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome variant/test identified in breed
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Atresia of nasolacrimal puncta, Pulmonic stenosis.
Stephens' Cur
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition is currently listed because sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence was not identified in the authoritative sources used for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Styrian Coarse Haired Hound
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition is currently listed because sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence was not identified in the authoritative sources used for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Sussex Spaniel
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Heart murmurs / enlarged hearts
- Intervertebral disc disease
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Intervertebral disc disease breed/chondrodystrophy association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No condition on the legacy page has yet been classified here as a known or suspected inherited disorder.
- Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency variant/test identified in breed
- Skeletal dysplasia 2 variant/test identified in breed
- Chondrodysplasia (CDPA) variant/test identified in breed
- Intervertebral disc disease risk factor / chondrodystrophy (CDDY with IVDD) variant/test identified in breed
Swedish Elkhound
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition is currently listed because sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence was not identified in the authoritative sources used for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Swedish Lapphund
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition is currently listed because sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence was not identified in the authoritative sources used for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Swedish Vallhund
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Swedish Vallhund retinopathy — MERTK-related recommended breed DNA test
- Hyperuricosuria variant/test identified in breed
Swiss Hound
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition is currently listed because sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence was not identified in the authoritative sources used for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
T
Teddy Roosevelt Terrier
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition is currently listed because sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence was not identified in the authoritative sources used for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Thai Ridgeback
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition is currently listed because sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence was not identified in the authoritative sources used for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Tibetan Mastiff
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Autoimmune thyroiditis / hypothyroidism parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Hereditary hypertrophic neuropathy established inherited/familial disorder; gene unknown
Tibetan Spaniel
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Lens luxation
- Oxalate nephropathy
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Progressive retinal atrophy — PRA3 optional breed DNA test
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Persistent pupillary membrane.
Tibetan Terrier
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Primary lens luxation established inherited disease
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Primary lens luxation recommended breed DNA test
- Progressive retinal atrophy — rcd4 recommended breed DNA test
- Progressive retinal atrophy — PRA3 recommended breed DNA test
- Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis — Tibetan Terrier type recommended breed DNA test
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
Tornjak
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition is currently listed because sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence was not identified in the authoritative sources used for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Tosa Ken
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition is currently listed because sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence was not identified in the authoritative sources used for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Toy Fox Terrier
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Primary lens luxation parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Primary lens luxation recommended breed DNA test
- Congenital hypothyroidism with goiter — terrier type variant/test identified in breed
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd variant/test identified in breed
- Spinocerebellar ataxia — KCNJ10-associated terrier type variant/test identified in breed
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
Transylvanian Hound
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition is currently listed because sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence was not identified in the authoritative sources used for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Treeing Cur
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition is currently listed because sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence was not identified in the authoritative sources used for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Treeing Feist
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition is currently listed because sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence was not identified in the authoritative sources used for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Treeing Tennessee Brindle
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition is currently listed because sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence was not identified in the authoritative sources used for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Treeing Walker Coonhound
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Autoimmune thyroiditis / hypothyroidism parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
Tyrolean Hound
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition is currently listed because sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence was not identified in the authoritative sources used for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
V
Vizsla
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Cataract
- Craniomandibular osteopathy
- Demodicosis
- Entropion
- Facial nerve paralysis
- Factor I (fibrinogen) deficiency rare historical breed report; not a common characterized Vizsla DNA disorder
- Hemangiosarcoma
- Hip dysplasia
- Hyperpigmentation
- Lymphoma
- Osteochondritis dissecans
- Osteochondrosis
- Sebaceous adenitis
- Spinal dysraphism
- Sterile Pyogranuloma Syndrome
- Syringomyelia
- Vasculitis
- Autoimmune thyroiditis / hypothyroidism parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Idiopathic inflammatory polymyopathy recognized breed-associated inflammatory myopathy
- Idiopathic epilepsy strong familial/breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Hemophilia A, Factor VIII or AHF deficiency established/recognized inherited basis
- Idiopathic Epilepsy -- possibly autosomal recessive inherited/familial basis reported
- Progressive retinal atrophy established/recognized inherited basis
- Skeletal dysplasia 3 — Vizsla type optional breed DNA test
- Cerebellar cortical degeneration — Vizsla type variant/test identified in breed
- Exercise-induced collapse variant/test identified in breed
- Exfoliative cutaneous lupus erythematosus — Vizsla type variant/test identified in breed
- Hyperuricosuria — SLC2A9-associated variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Umbilical Hernia.
Volpino Italiano
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition is currently listed because sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence was not identified in the authoritative sources used for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
W
Weimaraner
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Bloat
- Cutaneous mast cell tumor
- Dermoid cyst of cornea
- Distichiasis
- Double eyelashes
- Entropion
- Eversion of nictitating membrane
- Fibrosarcoma
- Hip dysplasia
- Hypertrophic osteodystrophy
- Myasthenia gravis
- Oropharyngeal neoplasia
- Spinal dysraphism
- Sterile pyogranuloma syndrome
- Tricuspid valve disease
- Undershot jaw
- Ununited anconeal process
- Autoimmune thyroiditis / hypothyroidism parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Hypertrophic osteodystrophy strong breed association
- Gastric dilatation-volvulus breed/conformation association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Hemophilia A, Factor VIII or AHF deficiency established/recognized inherited basis
- Hyperuricosuria — SLC2A9-associated recommended breed DNA test
- Hypomyelination — Weimaraner type recommended breed DNA test
- Spinal dysraphism — NKX2-8-associated recommended breed DNA test
- Chondrodysplasia (CDPA) variant/test identified in breed
- Intervertebral disc disease risk factor / chondrodystrophy (CDDY with IVDD) variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Cryptorchidism, Dwarfism, Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia, Umbilical hernia.
Welsh Corgi
This legacy generic label is ambiguous. See Cardigan Welsh Corgi and Pembroke Welsh Corgi for the current breed-specific reviews.
Welsh Hound
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition is currently listed because sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence was not identified in the authoritative sources used for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Welsh Springer Spaniel
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia (infrequent)
- Hypothyroidism
- Primary glaucoma
- Spermatogenic arrest with azoospermia
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Autoimmune thyroiditis / hypothyroidism parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Hereditary cataract inherited/familial basis reported
- Coagulation factor VII deficiency variant/test identified in breed
- Familial nephropathy — Cocker Spaniel type variant variant/test identified in breed
Welsh Terrier
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Luxated lens / secondary glaucoma
- Primary lens luxation parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No condition on the legacy page has yet been classified here as a known or suspected inherited disorder.
- Primary lens luxation recommended breed DNA test
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
West Highland White Terrier
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Atopic dermatitis
- Cardiomyopathy
- Cataracts
- Chronic hepatitis
- Cirrhosis of the liver
- Copper-associated hepatopathy
- Craniomandibular osteopathy
- Epidermal dysplasia
- Enlarged orbit
- Fatty liver syndrome
- Globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe's disease)
- Hip dysplasia
- Ichthyosis
- Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
- Legg-Perthes disease
- Luxating patella
- Malassezia dermatitis
- Myotonia
- Seborrhea, primary
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Chronic hepatopathy / copper-associated hepatopathy recognized breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Degenerative valve disease inherited/familial basis reported
- Pyruvate kinase deficiency established/recognized inherited basis
- Craniomandibular osteopathy recommended breed DNA test
- Globoid cell leukodystrophy / Krabbe disease — terrier type variant/test identified in breed
- Pyruvate kinase deficiency — terrier type variant/test identified in breed
- von Willebrand disease type 1 variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Cleft palates, Deafness, Ectopic ureter, Inguinal hernia, Pulmonic stenosis, Tetralogy of Fallot, Ventricular septal defect.
West Siberian Laika
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition is currently listed because sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence was not identified in the authoritative sources used for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Westphalian Dachsbracke
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition is currently listed because sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence was not identified in the authoritative sources used for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Whippet
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Demodectic mange
- Idiopathic onychodystrophy
- Partial alopecia
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- BAER hearing evaluation parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Dilated cardiomyopathy / ventricular arrhythmia recognized breed cardiac concern
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Degenerative valve disease inherited/familial basis reported
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
- PFK deficiency / glycogen storage disease VII variant/test identified in breed
- Myostatin deficiency — Whippet type variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Cryptorchidism.
White Shepherd
Registry coverage: UKC
Breed Predispositions
- No additional breed-specific predisposition is currently listed because sufficiently strong breed-specific evidence was not identified in the authoritative sources used for this reference.
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No additional inherited disorder is currently listed. This does not mean inherited disease is absent; published breed-specific evidence remains limited.
Wire Fox Terrier
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Color dilution alopecia
- Megaesophagus
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Congenital hypothyroidism with goiter — terrier type variant/test identified in breed
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
- Hereditary cataract — Wire Fox Terrier type variant/test identified in breed
- Primary lens luxation variant/test identified in breed
- Spinocerebellar ataxia — KCNJ10-associated terrier type variant/test identified in breed
- Van Den Ende-Gupta syndrome — Wire Fox Terrier type variant/test identified in breed
Wirehaired Pointing Griffon
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- No condition on the legacy page has yet been classified here as a known or suspected inherited disorder.
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
- Hereditary cataract — Wirehaired Pointing Griffon type variant/test identified in breed
Wirehaired Vizsla
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Elbow dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Hyperuricosuria — SLC2A9-associated optional breed DNA test
- Cerebellar cortical degeneration — Vizsla type variant/test identified in breed
- Exercise-induced collapse variant/test identified in breed
X
Xoloitzcuintli
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Patellar luxation parent-club screening priority
- Hip dysplasia parent-club screening priority
- Cardiac disease parent-club screening priority
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Congenital dental abnormalities associated with hairlessness developmental/breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- FOXI3-associated ectodermal dysplasia established autosomal semidominant causal variant
Y
Yorkshire Terrier
Registry coverage: AKC / UKC
Breed Predispositions
- Color dilution alopecia
- Dermatophytosis
- Distichiasis
- Fatty liver syndrome
- Injection reactions
- Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
- Legg-Perthes disease
- Lymphangiectasia
- Melanoderma
- Patellar luxation
- Heritable eye disease parent-club screening priority
- Tracheal collapse strong toy-breed association
- Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease recognized breed association
- Portosystemic vascular anomalies recognized breed association
- Protein-losing enteropathy / intestinal lymphangiectasia recognized breed association
Known Genetic / Inherited Diseases
- Degenerative valve disease inherited/familial basis reported
- Chondrodysplasia (CDPA) variant/test identified in breed
- Craniomandibular osteopathy variant/test identified in breed
- Degenerative myelopathy — SOD1-associated risk variant/test identified in breed
- Hyperuricosuria — SLC2A9-associated variant/test identified in breed
- Intervertebral disc disease risk factor / chondrodystrophy (CDDY with IVDD) variant/test identified in breed
- L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria — Yorkshire Terrier type variant/test identified in breed
- Primary lens luxation variant/test identified in breed
- Progressive retinal atrophy — prcd variant/test identified in breed
- Subacute necrotizing encephalopathy — Yorkshire Terrier type variant/test identified in breed
Congenital/developmental conditions listed for this breed: Hydrocephalus, Hypoplasia of dens, Patent ductus arteriosus, Portosystemic shunts, Retinal dysplasia.
Evidence search for previously unlisted breed subsections
Breed subsections that previously contained only an empty placeholder were rechecked against current authoritative sources. New entries were added only when breed-specific evidence was identified. Rare breeds were not assigned disorders by analogy, and DNA variants merely identified in a breed are labeled separately from established causal inherited disease.
Congenital Diseases and Malformations
This section now combines the congenital/developmental conditions retained from the original breed page with additional canine congenital disorders identified in a 2026 literature and authoritative-reference review. Congenital means present at birth or caused by abnormal prenatal development; it does not automatically mean inherited. Duplicate legacy spellings and synonymous labels have been consolidated without deleting their associated breed information.
Abdominal wall
Gastroschisis
Congenital full-thickness abdominal-wall defect with exteriorization of abdominal organs and no normal covering sac.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Rare in dogs; current canine literature consists largely of case reports and small series. A consistent genetic cause is not established.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Gastroschisis
Reference source: Estevam et al. 2024 — The most common congenital malformations in dogs
Omphalocele
Congenital midline abdominal-wall defect at the umbilicus in which herniated organs remain covered by a membrane.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Congenital developmental defect; a consistent hereditary basis in dogs is not established.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Omphalocele
Reference source: Estevam et al. 2024 — The most common congenital malformations in dogs
Cardiovascular
Anomalous pulmonary venous connection
One or more pulmonary veins connect abnormally to the right atrium or a systemic vein rather than the left atrium.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Rare congenital vascular anomaly; inheritance is not established.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Uncommon Congenital Cardiac Defects
Atrial septal defect
Congenital opening between the right and left atria.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Doberman Pinscher, Newfoundland, Poodle -Standard ( over 14 inches), Samoyed
Atrioventricular septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Congenital defect involving the atrial and/or ventricular septa and atrioventricular valves.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Congenital cardiac malformation; familial risk may occur, but a universal canine inheritance pattern is not established.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Atrioventricular septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Cardiovascular Anomalies
Congenital ventricular, septal defects
A condition retained from the original breed-predisposition reference. The exact phenotype and current evidence should be interpreted in the context of the specific breed and diagnosis.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Border Terrier
Cor triatriatum dexter
Persistent embryologic membrane divides the right atrium into two chambers and may obstruct venous return.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Rare congenital defect seen predominantly in dogs; genetic basis is not established.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Cor triatriatum dexter
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Uncommon Congenital Cardiac Defects
Double-chambered right ventricle
An anomalous muscular bundle divides the right ventricle and can obstruct right-ventricular outflow.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Rare congenital cardiac defect; inheritance is not established.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Double-chambered right ventricle
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Uncommon Congenital Cardiac Defects
Mitral valve dysplasia
Abnormal development or formation of the named tissue or structure.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Bull Terrier, Dalmatian, German Shepherd Dog, Golden Retriever, Keeshond, Mastiff, Newfoundland
Patent ductus arteriosus
Failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to close after birth, producing an abnormal vascular connection.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Affenpinscher, Border Collie, Boston Terrier, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Chihuahua, Cocker Spaniel, Collie, Dachshund, English Springer Spaniel, German Shepherd Dog, Keeshond, Kerry Blue Terrier, Labrador Retriever, Maltese, Miniature Schnauzer, Newfoundland, Pomeranian, Poodle (miniature- not to exceed 15 inches; Toy not to exceed 10 inches), Shetland Sheepdog, Yorkshire Terrier, Bichon Frise, Petit Basset Griffon Vendeen, Poodle -Standard ( over 14 inches)
Persistent aortic arch
A congenital vascular-ring anomaly that can constrict the esophagus and cause regurgitation in young dogs.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source:
Persistent right aortic arch
A congenital vascular-ring anomaly that can constrict the esophagus and cause regurgitation in young dogs.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Brittany, English Bulldog, German Shepherd Dog, Great Dane, Greyhound, Irish Setter, Italian Greyhound
Pulmonic stenosis
Congenital narrowing at or near the pulmonary valve that obstructs right ventricular outflow.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Airedale Terrier, Basset Hound, Bullmastiff, Beagle, Boxer, Boykin Spaniel, Bulldog, Chihuahua, Chow Chow, Cocker Spaniel, English Bulldog, Great Dane, Keeshond, Labrador Retriever, Mastiff, Miniature Schnauzer, Newfoundland, Samoyed, Scottish Terrier, Standard Schnauzer, West Highland White Terrier
Subaortic stenosis
Fixed narrowing below the aortic valve that obstructs left ventricular outflow.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: German Shepherd Dog, Bloodhound, Bouvier de Flandres, Boxer, Bull Terrier, English Bulldog, German Shorthaired Pointer, Great Dane, Samoyed, Bearded Collie, Golden Retriever, Newfoundland, Rottweiler
Tetralogy of Fallot
A congenital combination of pulmonic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta and right ventricular hypertrophy.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: English Bulldog, Keeshond, West Highland White Terrier, Wirehaired Fox Terrier
Tricuspid valve dysplasia
Abnormal development or formation of the named tissue or structure.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: German Shepherd Dog, Golden Retriever, Great Dane, Great Pyrenees
Ventricular septal defect
Congenital opening between the right and left ventricles.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Akita, Chow Chow, English Bulldog, English Springer Spaniel, Lakeland Terrier, Newfoundland, Poodle (miniature- not to exceed 15 inches; Toy not to exceed 10 inches), Poodle -Standard ( over 14 inches), Shih Tzu, Siberian Husky, West Highland White Terrier, Basset Hound, Beagle
Cardiovascular / multisystem
Dextrocardia / situs inversus
Right-sided cardiac position, sometimes occurring with mirror-image orientation of other organs.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Congenital developmental anomaly; when combined with situs inversus it may occur with primary ciliary dyskinesia/Kartagener syndrome.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Dextrocardia / situs inversus
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Uncommon Congenital Cardiac Defects
Congenital / developmental
Anasarca
"Walrus" or "Rubber" puppies.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Affenpinscher, Boston Terrier, Bulldog, Cocker Spaniel, Papillon
Blindness (congenital)
A condition retained from the original breed-predisposition reference. The exact phenotype and current evidence should be interpreted in the context of the specific breed and diagnosis.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Maltese
Brachury
Short tail.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Bulldog, Bullmastiff, Chow Chow, French Bulldog
Campylognathia (wry mouth)
A condition retained from the original breed-predisposition reference. The exact phenotype and current evidence should be interpreted in the context of the specific breed and diagnosis.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Bulldog
Congenital cardiovascular abnromalities
A condition retained from the original breed-predisposition reference. The exact phenotype and current evidence should be interpreted in the context of the specific breed and diagnosis.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Silky Terrier
Congenital Femoral Shift
A condition retained from the original breed-predisposition reference. The exact phenotype and current evidence should be interpreted in the context of the specific breed and diagnosis.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: English Springer Spaniel
Congenital hypotrichosis
A condition retained from the original breed-predisposition reference. The exact phenotype and current evidence should be interpreted in the context of the specific breed and diagnosis.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Labrador Retriever, Lhasa Apso
Congenital intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
Abnormal vascular communication that allows portal blood to bypass the liver; congenital forms are important in several breeds.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Irish Wolfhound
Congenital kink tail
A condition retained from the original breed-predisposition reference. The exact phenotype and current evidence should be interpreted in the context of the specific breed and diagnosis.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Skye Terrier
Congenital portosystemic encephalopathy
Abnormal vascular communication that allows portal blood to bypass the liver; congenital forms are important in several breeds.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Australian Cattle Dog
Congenital portosystemic shunt
Abnormal vascular communication that allows portal blood to bypass the liver; congenital forms are important in several breeds.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Scottish Deerhound, Cairn Terrier, Miniature Schnauzer, Yorkshire Terrier, Cocker Spaniel
Congenital seborrhea
A condition retained from the original breed-predisposition reference. The exact phenotype and current evidence should be interpreted in the context of the specific breed and diagnosis.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: English Springer Spaniel
Congenital sensorineural deafness
Partial or complete hearing loss; congenital sensorineural forms have important breed and pigmentation associations.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Poodle (miniature- not to exceed 15 inches; Toy not to exceed 10 inches), Rhodesian Ridgeback, Rottweiler, Akita, American Foxhound, American Staffordshire Terrier, Australian Cattle Dog, Beagle, Boston Terrier, Boxer, Bull Terrier, Bulldog, Cocker Spaniel, Collie, Dachshund, Doberman Pinscher, English Cocker Spaniel, English Foxhound, English Setter, German Shepherd Dog, Great Dane, Great Pyrenees, Ibizan Hound, Jack Russell Terrier, Kuvasz, Maltese, Papillon, Pointer, Puli, St. Bernard, Scottish Terrier, Sealyham Terrier, Shetland Sheepdog, West Highland White Terrier, Dalmatian, Australian Shepherd
Cranial bifida
A condition retained from the original breed-predisposition reference. The exact phenotype and current evidence should be interpreted in the context of the specific breed and diagnosis.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Bulldog
Cranioschisis
Soft spot in cranium.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Cocker Spaniel
Disorder of sex development (ovotesticular / intersex condition)
Ovarian and testicular tissues as separate gonads or ovotestes.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: American Water Spaniel, Cocker Spaniel
Factor IX deficiency (congenital)
An X-linked coagulation disorder caused by factor IX deficiency.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Labrador Retriever
Monorchidism
A condition retained from the original breed-predisposition reference. The exact phenotype and current evidence should be interpreted in the context of the specific breed and diagnosis.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Great Pyrenees, Italian Greyhound, Japanese Chin
Persistent hyaloid artery
A condition retained from the original breed-predisposition reference. The exact phenotype and current evidence should be interpreted in the context of the specific breed and diagnosis.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Great Pyrenees, Labrador Retriever
Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous
A condition retained from the original breed-predisposition reference. The exact phenotype and current evidence should be interpreted in the context of the specific breed and diagnosis.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: American Staffordshire Terrier
Persistent hyperplastic vitreous
A condition retained from the original breed-predisposition reference. The exact phenotype and current evidence should be interpreted in the context of the specific breed and diagnosis.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Doberman Pinscher
Short spine
A condition retained from the original breed-predisposition reference. The exact phenotype and current evidence should be interpreted in the context of the specific breed and diagnosis.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Greyhound
Vascular compression of esophagus
A condition retained from the original breed-predisposition reference. The exact phenotype and current evidence should be interpreted in the context of the specific breed and diagnosis.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Boston Terrier
Vascular compression of the esophagus
A condition retained from the original breed-predisposition reference. The exact phenotype and current evidence should be interpreted in the context of the specific breed and diagnosis.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: English Bulldog
Vascular ring anomaly
Genetically transmitted.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Boston Terrier
Craniofacial / digestive
Brachygnathism/prognathism (jaw malocclusion)
A condition retained from the original breed-predisposition reference. The exact phenotype and current evidence should be interpreted in the context of the specific breed and diagnosis.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Chinese Shar-Pei
Cleft lip and palate
Congenital failure of normal fusion of facial or palatal structures.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: French Bulldog, Pug, American Staffordshire Terrier, Beagle, Bernese Mountain Dog, Boston Terrier, Bulldog, Cocker Spaniel, Shih Tzu, Staffordshire Bull Terrier
Cleft palate
Congenital failure of normal fusion of facial or palatal structures.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Affenpinscher, Australian Shepherd, Bouvier de Flandres, Bullmastiff, Chihuahua, Chow Chow, English Bulldog, English Springer Spaniel, Finnish Spitz, Great Pyrenees, Pointer, West Highland White Terrier
Malocclusion
Abnormal relative growth of mandible and/or maxilla.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Black and Tan Coonhound, Bloodhound, Dalmatian, German Shorthaired Pointer, German Wirehaired Pointer, Great Pyrenees, Harrier, Irish Water Spaniel, Petit Basset Griffon Vendeen, Maltese, Cocker Spaniel, Dachshund
Oligodontia/hypodontia
A common problem.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Dandie Dinmont Terrier, Doberman Pinscher, Labrador Retriever, Poodle (miniature- not to exceed 15 inches; Toy not to exceed 10 inches), Borzoi, Affenpinscher
Digestive
Atresia ani (imperforate anus)
Failure of the anal opening to form normally, causing obstruction from birth.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Rare congenital malformation; reported in dogs including Toy Poodles and Boston Terriers. Genetic basis is not established.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Boston Terrier
Disease glossary: Atresia ani (imperforate anus)
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Intestinal Anomalies
Congenital megaesophagus
Generalized esophageal dilation and poor motility caused by abnormal neuromuscular development.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Familial/inherited forms are established or suspected in several breeds; mode of inheritance differs by breed.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: German Shepherd Dog, Great Dane, Irish Setter, Labrador Retriever, Miniature Schnauzer, Newfoundland, Dachshund
Disease glossary: Megaesophagus
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Esophageal Anomalies
Cricopharyngeal achalasia / dysphagia
Failure of the upper esophageal sphincter to relax normally during swallowing, causing dysphagia and aspiration risk.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Congenital functional disorder; Cocker Spaniels and Springer Spaniels are overrepresented.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Cocker Spaniel, English Springer Spaniel
Disease glossary: Cricopharyngeal achalasia / dysphagia
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Digestive Disorders of Dogs
Enteric duplication / duplication cyst
Congenital duplication of a segment of intestine or formation of an intestinal duplication cyst.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Very rare developmental anomaly; genetic basis is unknown.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Enteric duplication / duplication cyst
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Intestinal Anomalies
Pyloric stenosis / pyloric muscular hypertrophy
Congenital or developmental thickening of the pyloric musculature that delays or obstructs gastric emptying.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Breed predisposition is recognized in brachycephalic dogs; a heritable basis is suspected.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Boxer, English Bulldog, Boston Terrier
Disease glossary: Pyloric stenosis
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Digestive Disorders of Dogs
Rectal atresia / segmental rectal aplasia
Congenital interruption or blind-ending of the rectum before it reaches the anus.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Rare congenital malformation; inheritance is not established in dogs.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Rectal atresia / segmental rectal aplasia
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Intestinal Anomalies
Digestive / diaphragmatic
Congenital hiatal hernia
Abnormal displacement of abdominal esophagus and/or stomach through the esophageal hiatus.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Congenital forms occur and may have breed associations, especially in brachycephalic dogs; inheritance is not fully defined.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Hiatal hernias
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Digestive Disorders of Dogs
Endocrine
Congenital hypothyroidism
Thyroid hormone deficiency beginning before or shortly after birth because of thyroid dysgenesis, dyshormonogenesis, or central endocrine defects.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Both inherited and sporadic forms occur; molecular basis depends on the specific form and breed.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Congenital hypothyroidism
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Juvenile-Onset Panhypopituitarism
Musculoskeletal
Amelia / apodia / abrachia
Complete congenital absence of one or more limbs; terminology varies with which limb or limb segment is absent.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Congenital dysostosis. Most cases are sporadic; heritable causes are possible in some developmental skeletal disorders.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Amelia / apodia / abrachia
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Musculoskeletal Anomalies
Arthrogryposis
Persistent congenital flexion or contracture of one or more joints.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: A developmental phenotype with genetic, neuromuscular, infectious, toxic, or positional causes depending on the case.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Arthrogryposis
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Overview of Congenital and Inherited Anomalies
Congenital elbow luxation
Congenital malalignment or dislocation of the elbow joint.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Congenital developmental orthopedic disorder; genetic basis is incompletely characterized.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Congenital elbow luxation
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Musculoskeletal Anomalies
Congenital shoulder luxation
Abnormal shoulder-joint development causing instability or dislocation from birth or very early life.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Congenital developmental orthopedic disorder; inheritance is incompletely characterized.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Congenital shoulder luxation
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Musculoskeletal Anomalies
Dimelia (limb duplication)
Duplication of part or all of a limb.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Rare congenital dysostosis; canine inheritance is not established.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Dimelia (limb duplication)
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Musculoskeletal Anomalies
Ectrodactyly (split hand/foot or 'lobster-claw' defect)
Congenital absence or separation of central digits, producing a split-paw appearance.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Congenital limb malformation; familial occurrence has been reported in some lines, but genetic basis is not universal.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Ectrodactyly (split hand/foot or 'lobster-claw' defect)
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Musculoskeletal Anomalies
Hemimelia
Partial or complete absence of one or more bones in a limb, most often involving the radius in dogs and cats.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Congenital dysostosis; inheritance is not established for most canine cases.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Hemimelia
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Musculoskeletal Anomalies
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Inherited collagen disorder causing osteopenia, very fragile bones and pathologic fractures.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Established inherited disease group involving type-I collagen pathways; causal variants differ among affected canine families/breeds.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Musculoskeletal Anomalies
Pectus carinatum
Congenital ventral protrusion of the sternum ('pigeon chest').
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Rare congenital thoracic-wall malformation; genetic basis in dogs is not established.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Pectus carinatum
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Musculoskeletal Anomalies
Pectus excavatum
Congenital dorsal deviation of the sternum producing a narrowed or flattened ventral thorax.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Congenital thoracic-wall malformation; a consistent single-gene cause has not been established in dogs.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Pectus excavatum
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Musculoskeletal Anomalies
Polydactyly
Presence of one or more supernumerary digits.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Congenital and often heritable in some breeds; extra dewclaws can also be a normal breed characteristic.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Polydactyly
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Musculoskeletal Anomalies
Swimmer puppy syndrome
Developmental inability to adduct and support the limbs, often accompanied by a flattened thorax in young puppies.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Likely multifactorial; congenital/developmental and familial occurrence are reported, but no single universal cause is established.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Swimmer puppy syndrome
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Musculoskeletal Anomalies
Syndactyly
Congenital fusion of two or more digits.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Rare congenital defect; inheritance varies or is unknown in dogs.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Syndactyly
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Musculoskeletal Anomalies
Neurologic
Chiari-like malformation / caudal occipital malformation
Developmental mismatch of the caudal skull and brain that can obstruct cerebrospinal-fluid flow and be associated with syringomyelia.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Strong breed and familial association, especially in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels; genetic architecture is complex.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Brussels Griffon
Disease glossary: Chiari-like malformation / caudal occipital malformation
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Cerebellar Disorders
Dandy-Walker-like malformation
Cerebellar vermis hypoplasia/agenesis with cystic dilation of the fourth ventricle, sometimes accompanied by hydrocephalus.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Familial forms occur; a VLDLR-associated recessive form is established in Eurasiers, and Toy Fox Terriers are predisposed.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Toy Fox Terrier, Eurasian
Disease glossary: Dandy-Walker-like malformation
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Cerebellar Disorders
Hydranencephaly
Severe congenital loss of cerebral hemispheric tissue with replacement by cerebrospinal fluid.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Congenital cerebral malformation; causes can be developmental or prenatal destructive events rather than inherited disease.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Hydranencephaly
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Overview of Congenital and Inherited Anomalies
Porencephaly
Congenital fluid-filled cavities within cerebral tissue resulting from abnormal development or prenatal tissue destruction.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Congenital; inheritance is generally not established in dogs.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Porencephaly
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Overview of Congenital and Inherited Anomalies
Tethered cord syndrome
Abnormal fixation of the caudal spinal cord, commonly by a tight filum terminale, limiting normal movement of the cord.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Congenital malformation; can occur alone or with spina bifida. Genetic basis is not established.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Tethered cord syndrome
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Spinal Cord Disorders
Neurologic / skeletal
Atlantoaxial instability / subluxation
Instability between C1 and C2 caused by congenital dens or ligament abnormalities, with possible cervical spinal-cord compression.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Congenital form is common in toy breeds; inheritance is suspected in some breed populations but is not uniform.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Yorkshire Terrier, Chihuahua, Pomeranian
Disease glossary: Atlantoaxial instability / subluxation
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Musculoskeletal Anomalies
Block vertebra
Congenital fusion of adjacent vertebrae due to abnormal segmentation.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Congenital vertebral malformation; inheritance is not established for most canine cases.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Block vertebra
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Spinal Cord Disorders
Butterfly vertebra
Congenital sagittal cleft of a vertebral body that gives a butterfly-shaped appearance on imaging.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Congenital vertebral malformation; may accompany other vertebral abnormalities.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Butterfly vertebra
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Spinal Cord Disorders
Caudal articular process hypoplasia/dysplasia
Incomplete development of caudal vertebral articular processes that can contribute to spinal instability.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Strong breed association in Pugs, French Bulldogs and English Bulldogs; molecular basis remains incompletely defined.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Pug, French Bulldog, English Bulldog
Disease glossary: Caudal articular process hypoplasia/dysplasia
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Spinal Cord Disorders
Cerebellar hypoplasia
Ataxia and hypermetria at about 12 weeks of age.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Airedale Terrier, Cairn Terrier, Chow Chow, Golden Retriever, Great Dane
Chondrodysplasia / disproportionate dwarfism
Foreleg lameness due to unusual anatomy.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Basset Hound, Collie, Great Pyrenees, Japanese Chin, Poodle (miniature- not to exceed 15 inches; Toy not to exceed 10 inches), Scottish Terrier, Shetland Sheepdog, Shih Tzu, Dachshund, Alaskan Malamute
Diaphragmatic hernia
A condition retained from the original breed-predisposition reference. The exact phenotype and current evidence should be interpreted in the context of the specific breed and diagnosis.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Golden Retriever
Dwarfism / skeletal growth disorder
Small eyes, tiny and high-set ears, very heavy coat.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Alaskan Malamute, Australian Shepherd, Collie, Samoyed, Weimaraner, Pomeranian, Labrador Retriever, Pointer
Hemivertebra
Congenital wedge-shaped vertebral malformation that can be incidental or cause spinal deformity and neurologic compression.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: French Bulldog, Border Terrier, Boston Terrier
Hydrocephalus
Abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain ventricles, often associated with developmental abnormalities.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Boston Terrier, Brussels Griffon, Bulldog, Chihuahua, Maltese, Silky Terrier, Yorkshire Terrier, Cocker Spaniel
Inguinal hernia
Protrusion of abdominal contents through the inguinal canal.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Basenji, Basset Hound, Bull Terrier, Cairn Terrier, Chinese Shar-Pei, Cocker Spaniel, Collie, Lhasa Apso, Miniature Pinscher, Pekinese, West Highland White Terrier, Petit Basset Griffon Vendeen
Odontoid (dens) hypoplasia/aplasia
Either hypoplasia of dens or its nonunion with C2.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Yorkshire Terrier, Chihuahua, Pekinese, Pomeranian, Silky Terrier
Osteopetrosis
Clinically similar to "swimmer" pups.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Dachshund
Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia
A condition retained from the original breed-predisposition reference. The exact phenotype and current evidence should be interpreted in the context of the specific breed and diagnosis.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Weimaraner
Pituitary dwarfism
A condition retained from the original breed-predisposition reference. The exact phenotype and current evidence should be interpreted in the context of the specific breed and diagnosis.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: German Shepherd Dog
Recessive umbilical hernia
Protrusion of abdominal contents or fat through an incompletely closed umbilical ring.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Bull Terrier
Sacrocaudal dysgenesis
Failure or abnormal development of sacral and caudal vertebrae, sometimes with associated spinal-nerve defects.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Congenital developmental defect; canine genetic basis is incompletely characterized.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Sacrocaudal dysgenesis
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Spinal Cord Disorders
Scrotal and inguinal hernias
Protrusion of abdominal contents through the inguinal canal.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Boston Terrier
Spina bifida
Congenital failure of normal closure of the vertebral arches, with severity ranging from occult defects to exposed neural tissue.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Australian Shepherd, Bulldog
Umbilical hernia
Protrusion of abdominal contents or fat through an incompletely closed umbilical ring.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Airedale Terrier, Australian Shepherd, Basenji, Bouvier de Flandres, Collie, English Springer Spaniel, Pekinese, Pointer, Weimaraner, Vizsla, Akita, Beagle, Bernese Mountain Dog, Petit Basset Griffon Vendeen
Neurologic / skin
Dermoid sinus (pilonidal sinus)
Congenital epithelial tract caused by faulty neurulation; it may extend toward or communicate with deeper spinal tissues.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Well-established inherited predisposition in Rhodesian Ridgebacks; can occur in other breeds.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Rhodesian Ridgeback
Disease glossary: Dermoid sinus
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Spinal Cord Disorders
Neuromuscular
Congenital myasthenic syndrome
Inherited defect of neuromuscular transmission causing weakness from a young age without the autoantibodies typical of acquired myasthenia gravis.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Established inherited disease group; CHRNE, CHAT, COLQ and other genes are implicated in breed-specific forms.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Congenital myasthenic syndrome
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Neuromuscular Disorders
Ophthalmic
Anophthalmia
Congenital absence or severe developmental failure of an eye.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Great Pyrenees
Anterior segment dysgenesis
Group of congenital malformations affecting the cornea, iris, lens and iridocorneal angle.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Developmental ocular disorder; genetic causes are breed-dependent and not uniform.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Anterior segment dysgenesis
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Ocular Fundus / Congenital Retinal Disorders
Aphakia with multiple colobomas
Absence of lens associated with microphthalmia, acornea, retinal detachment, and anterior synechia.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: St. Bernard
Atresia of the nasolacrimal duct
A condition retained from the original breed-predisposition reference. The exact phenotype and current evidence should be interpreted in the context of the specific breed and diagnosis.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Sealyham Terrier
Cataract (congenital)
Opacity of the lens that can impair vision; inherited and non-inherited forms occur.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Old English Sheepdog
Cataract with microphthalmia
Opacity of the lens that can impair vision; inherited and non-inherited forms occur.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Beagle, Cocker Spaniel, Golden Retriever
Collie eye anomaly
A developmental ocular disorder associated with an NHEJ1 deletion in several validated herding breeds; expression can vary.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Australian Shepherd, Collie, Shetland Sheepdog
Coloboma
A condition retained from the original breed-predisposition reference. The exact phenotype and current evidence should be interpreted in the context of the specific breed and diagnosis.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Collie, Labrador Retriever, Shetland Sheepdog
Coloboma of optic disc
A condition retained from the original breed-predisposition reference. The exact phenotype and current evidence should be interpreted in the context of the specific breed and diagnosis.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Basenji
Iris coloboma
Congenital notch or defect in the iris caused by incomplete closure or abnormal development.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Congenital ocular defect; breed/familial associations occur but a universal genetic cause is not established.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Iris coloboma
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Ocular Fundus / Congenital Retinal Disorders
Microphthalmia
Congenital abnormally small eye, which may occur alone or with other ocular defects.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: American Foxhound, Australian Shepherd, Chow Chow, Dachshund, Great Dane, Miniature Schnauzer, Pekinese, Poodle (miniature- not to exceed 15 inches; Toy not to exceed 10 inches), Poodle -Standard ( over 14 inches)
Microphthalmia (result of merle to merle mating)
Congenital abnormally small eye, which may occur alone or with other ocular defects.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Collie
Multiple ocular colobomas
Inherited syndrome.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Australian Shepherd
Nasolacrimal punctal/canal atresia
Congenital absence of openings to lacrimal canal.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Cocker Spaniel, Miniature Schnauzer, Pomeranian, Poodle (miniature- not to exceed 15 inches; Toy not to exceed 10 inches), Bedlington Terrier, Standard Schnauzer, Pekinese, Poodle -Standard ( over 14 inches)
Optic nerve coloboma
Congenital excavation or defect of the optic nerve caused by abnormal ocular development.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Congenital ocular anomaly; inheritance depends on breed and whether it occurs as part of another syndrome such as Collie eye anomaly.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Optic nerve coloboma
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Ocular Fundus / Congenital Retinal Disorders
Optic nerve hypoplasia/aplasia
A condition retained from the original breed-predisposition reference. The exact phenotype and current evidence should be interpreted in the context of the specific breed and diagnosis.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Cocker Spaniel, Dachshund, Poodle (miniature- not to exceed 15 inches; Toy not to exceed 10 inches)
Persistent pupillary membrane
Autosomal dominant.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Afghan Hound, Australian Shepherd, Basenji, Basset Hound, Bulldog, Chow Chow, Cocker Spaniel, Collie, Dachshund, Doberman Pinscher, English Springer Spaniel, Greyhound, Irish Setter, Labrador Retriever, Miniature Schnauzer, Pyrenean Mountain Dog, Saluki, Samoyed, Siberian Husky, Tibetan Spaniel, Welsh Corgi, Bearded Collie, Mastiff, Petit Basset Griffon Vendeen
Retinal dysplasia
Abnormal retinal development ranging from folds to severe malformation or detachment.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Australian Shepherd, Bedlington Terrier, Borzoi, Brittany, Cocker Spaniel, Collie, English Springer Spaniel, Golden Retriever, Labrador Retriever, Rottweiler, Sealyham Terrier, Yorkshire Terrier, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Petit Basset Griffon Vendeen, Great Dane
Reproductive
Congenital phimosis and cutaneous mast cell tumors
Mast-cell tumor of the skin or other tissues; biologic behavior ranges from low to high grade.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Labrador Retriever
Congenital vaginal septum / vaginal stricture
Persistent septal tissue or circumferential narrowing of the vagina, often near the vestibulovaginal junction.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Congenital reproductive-tract anomaly; inheritance is not well defined in dogs.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Congenital vaginal septum / vaginal stricture
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Reproductive Anomalies
Cryptorchidism
Failure of one or both testes to descend normally into the scrotum.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Border Collie, Border Terrier, Cocker Spaniel, English Cocker Spaniel, Great Pyrenees, Lakeland Terrier, Maltese, Miniature Schnauzer, Pekinese, Pomeranian, Poodle (miniature- not to exceed 15 inches; Toy not to exceed 10 inches), Silky Terrier, Weimaraner, Whippet, Boxer, Brittany, Canaan Dog, Ibizan Hound
Disorder of sex development (pseudohermaphroditism / sex reversal)
Presence of abdominal testicles, a vulva & an os penis.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Pug, English Cocker Spaniel, German Shorthaired Pointer, Miniature Schnauzer, Poodle (miniature- not to exceed 15 inches; Toy not to exceed 10 inches)
Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome
XY dogs retain Müllerian structures such as uterus and oviducts despite otherwise male sexual differentiation.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Established autosomal recessive inherited form in Miniature Schnauzers; other cases may have different mechanisms.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Miniature Schnauzer, Basset Hound
Disease glossary: Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Reproductive Anomalies
Persistent penile frenulum
Persistent band of tissue attaches the penis to the prepuce and can prevent normal protrusion.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Congenital anomaly with suspected heritable contribution in some lines; specific canine molecular basis is not generally defined.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Persistent penile frenulum
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Reproductive Anomalies
Segmental aplasia of the female reproductive tract
Congenital failure of portions of the paramesonephric ducts to develop, potentially affecting uterine horns, cervix or vagina.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Congenital developmental anomaly; canine inheritance is incompletely characterized.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Segmental aplasia of the female reproductive tract
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Reproductive Anomalies
Respiratory
Congenital lobar emphysema
Overinflation of a lung lobe caused by congenital deficiency or hypoplasia of bronchial cartilage and expiratory airway collapse.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Rare congenital pulmonary disorder; reported in dogs, including Pekingese. Inheritance is not established.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Pekingese
Disease glossary: Congenital lobar emphysema
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Respiratory Causes
Congenital tracheal hypoplasia
Congenitally reduced tracheal diameter due to underdevelopment of tracheal cartilage rings.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Strongly associated with brachycephalic conformation; genetic contribution is likely complex rather than a single universal variant.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: English Bulldog, French Bulldog, Boston Terrier
Disease glossary: Tracheal hypoplasia
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Respiratory Causes
Respiratory / neurologic
Congenital laryngeal paralysis
Failure of normal laryngeal abduction from congenital nerve or neuromuscular dysfunction, causing stridor and exercise intolerance.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Inherited forms are recognized in several breeds; mode of inheritance and gene differ or remain unknown by breed.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Siberian Husky, Bouvier des Flandres, Rottweiler, Bull Terrier, Dalmatian, Great Pyrenees
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Neuromuscular Disorders
Skin
Epidermolysis bullosa
Inherited skin-fragility disorders causing separation and blistering of skin and mucous membranes with minimal trauma.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Established congenital inherited disease group; causal genes and inheritance differ among canine forms and breeds.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Epidermolysis bullosa
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Skin Disorders
Epitheliogenesis imperfecta (aplasia cutis)
Congenital absence of normal skin over one or more areas, producing ulcers or uncovered tissue at birth.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Rare in dogs; congenital etiology is established but canine inheritance is usually unknown.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Epitheliogenesis imperfecta (aplasia cutis)
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Skin Disorders
Skin / connective tissue
Cutaneous asthenia / Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Congenital connective-tissue disorder causing hyperextensible, fragile skin and sometimes joint laxity.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Inherited collagen/connective-tissue defects are documented; molecular basis varies among cases.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Cutaneous asthenia (Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome)
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Skin Disorders
Skin / dental
Congenital ectodermal dysplasia
Developmental disorder of ectodermal structures that can cause hypotrichosis together with abnormal or missing teeth, claws or other structures.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Genetic forms occur in dogs; molecular basis varies by syndrome and breed.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Congenital ectodermal dysplasia
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Skin Disorders
Urinary
Ectopic ureter
A condition retained from the original breed-predisposition reference. The exact phenotype and current evidence should be interpreted in the context of the specific breed and diagnosis.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Newfoundland, Siberian Husky, West Highland White Terrier
Ectopic ureter (familial relationship)
A condition retained from the original breed-predisposition reference. The exact phenotype and current evidence should be interpreted in the context of the specific breed and diagnosis.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source:
Ectopic ureters
A condition retained from the original breed-predisposition reference. The exact phenotype and current evidence should be interpreted in the context of the specific breed and diagnosis.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Poodle (miniature- not to exceed 15 inches; Toy not to exceed 10 inches)
Open urethra
A condition retained from the original breed-predisposition reference. The exact phenotype and current evidence should be interpreted in the context of the specific breed and diagnosis.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Bulldog
Polycystic kidney disease / congenital renal cystic disease
Development of multiple renal cysts that can impair renal function depending on extent and associated disease.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Some renal cystic disorders are inherited, but causal variants and breed associations vary.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Polycystic kidney disease / congenital renal cystic disease
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Urinary Disorders of Dogs
Renal agenesis / aplasia
Failure of one or both kidneys to develop.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Congenital renal malformation; unilateral cases may be compatible with life. Genetic basis varies or is unknown.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Renal agenesis / aplasia
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Urinary Disorders of Dogs
Renal cortical hypoplasia
Autosomal recessive gene.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Alaskan Malamute, Bedlington Terrier, Cocker Spaniel, German Shepherd Dog, Keeshond, Norwegian Elkhound
Renal dysplasia
Abnormal development of renal tissue that may lead to chronic kidney disease.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Briard, Cocker Spaniel, Shih Tzu, Soft-Coated Wheaten Terrier
Renal dysplasia (genetic basis)
Abnormal development of renal tissue that may lead to chronic kidney disease.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Poodle (miniature- not to exceed 15 inches; Toy not to exceed 10 inches)
Renal hypoplasia
Polydypsia.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Beagle, Dachshund
Unilateral kidney aplasia
Absence of one kidney with compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining kidney.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Retained from the original veterinarian-authored breed page as a congenital/developmental association; individual inheritance strength remains subject to breed-specific evidence review.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Beagle
Urachal remnant / patent urachus
Incomplete closure of the fetal urachus; forms include patent urachus, urachal diverticulum, sinus and cyst.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Congenital developmental anomaly; a consistent canine inheritance pattern is not established.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Urachal remnant / patent urachus
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Urinary Bladder Anomalies
Ureteral agenesis / duplication
Failure of a ureter to form or congenital presence of an additional ureter.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Congenital urinary-tract anomaly; most canine cases do not have a defined inheritance pattern.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Ureteral agenesis / duplication
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Urinary Disorders of Dogs
Ureterocele
Cystic dilation of the distal ureter where it enters the bladder, sometimes associated with obstruction or ectopic ureter.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Congenital ureteral anomaly; genetic basis in dogs is not established.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Ureterocele
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Urinary Disorders of Dogs
Urethral atresia / stenosis / duplication
Congenital absence, narrowing, incomplete opening, or duplication of the urethra.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Rare congenital urinary anomaly; inheritance is not established for most canine cases.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Urethral atresia / stenosis / duplication
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Urinary Disorders of Dogs
Urinary bladder hypoplasia / agenesis / duplication / exstrophy
Rare congenital abnormalities in which the bladder is underdeveloped, absent, duplicated, or everted through the abdominal wall.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Rare congenital developmental defects; inheritance is generally unknown.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Urinary bladder hypoplasia / agenesis / duplication / exstrophy
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Urinary Bladder Anomalies
Urinary / digestive
Urethrorectal fistula
Abnormal congenital communication between the urethra and rectum, predisposing to recurrent urinary infection.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Congenital cloacal-separation defect; English Bulldogs are overrepresented.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: English Bulldog
Disease glossary: Urethrorectal fistula
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Urinary Disorders of Dogs
Urinary / reproductive
Hypospadias
Urethral opening is located proximal to the normal tip of the penis because of incomplete embryonic urethral closure.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Congenital; Boston Terriers have increased risk, suggesting a genetic component.
Breeds currently associated on this page or in the cited reference source: Boston Terrier
Disease glossary: Hypospadias
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Urinary Disorders of Dogs
Urinary / reproductive / digestive
Rectovaginal fistula
Congenital abnormal connection between the rectum and vagina, often occurring with imperforate anus.
Current inheritance/genetic evidence: Congenital malformation; a universal inheritance pattern is not established.
Breed association: No specific breed association is asserted here unless supported by the breed-specific evidence summarized on this page.
Disease glossary: Rectovaginal fistula
Reference source: Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital Intestinal Anomalies
Dog Disease and Genetic Variant Glossary
The glossary has been moved to a separate evidence-graded reference for faster loading and clearer genetic-test interpretation.
Open the alphabetical dog condition and genetic variant glossary
Genetic-Evidence Key
- Established causal variant in validated breeds
- A specific variant has strong evidence for causing or materially contributing to the disorder in the breed or breeds in which it has been validated.
- Established inherited disorder; molecular basis varies or is incompletely defined
- Inheritance is well supported, but the causal variant may differ among breeds or may not yet be completely characterized.
- Strong or moderate complex/polygenic contribution
- Genetic susceptibility is supported, but multiple genes, conformation, environment and other modifiers influence whether disease develops.
- Congenital/developmental — inheritance uncertain
- The condition is present at birth or reflects abnormal development; this alone does not establish heritability.
- Breed association retained — genetic basis not established in this reference page
- The condition was listed on the original veterinarian-authored page and has been retained pending individual evidence review. This category should not be interpreted as proof of inheritance.
References and Source Standard
This reference page uses the original veterinarian-authored page as the historical inventory and current authoritative resources to guide classification. Individual breed-condition claims that remain uncertain are retained for subsequent review rather than removed.
- Estevam MV, Toniollo GH, Apparicio M. The most common congenital malformations in dogs: Literature review and practical guide. Res Vet Sci. 2024;171:105230.
- Merck Veterinary Manual — Overview of Congenital and Inherited Anomalies in Animals (reviewed 2025; modified 2026).
- Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital and Inherited Anomalies of the Musculoskeletal System in Dogs and Cats (2025).
- Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital and Inherited Anomalies of the Nervous System in Small Animals (2026).
- Merck Veterinary Manual — Congenital and Inherited Cardiovascular Anomalies (2025).
- American Kennel Club — Breeds by Year Recognized (2026) — current AKC recognition source.
- United Kennel Club — Breed Standards — current UKC breed-standard directory.
- Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (OMIA) — inherited disorders, genes and variants.
- Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) disease resources — phenotypic and DNA-based screening information.
- OFA Canine Health Information Center (CHIC) — breed-specific screening priorities developed with parent clubs; these lists are not exhaustive.
- Washington State University MDR1/ABCB1 resource — pharmacogenetic drug sensitivity and affected breeds.
- Rokhsar JL, et al. Web resource on available DNA variant tests for hereditary diseases and genetic predispositions in dogs and cats: An Update. Human Genetics. 2021.
- Estevam MV, Toniollo GH, Apparicio M. The most common congenital malformations in dogs: Literature review and practical guide. Research in Veterinary Science. 2024.
- Animal Variant Classification Guidelines (AVCG) literature is used as a caution that detection of a DNA variant does not automatically prove pathogenicity in every breed or ancestry background.
Educational use
This veterinarian-authored material is provided for education and breed-health discussion. It does not diagnose an individual dog, replace examination by a veterinarian, or substitute for breed-appropriate genetic counseling and validated health screening. A breed predisposition does not mean that every dog of that breed will develop the condition.